Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Solanaceae Vegetables and Its Control Methods

Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Solanaceae Vegetables and Its Control Methods
(a) Tomatoes late blight:
Symptoms identification: a fungal disease, seedlings, plants can be the disease, can damage the leaves, stems, fruit, but the adult plants and the fruit of the heavier victims. Leaf disease began with the lower leaves, forming dark green spots with indistinct water-stained edges. After the expansion, it became brown. When the humidity was high, white mold appeared at the junction of the diseased leaves, and the diseased part was dry, brittle and easily broken. .
Occurrence characteristics: Low temperature and humidity are the main conditions for the disease. The temperature is 18-22Â°C and the relative humidity is 95-100%. Mycelia grow fastest at 20-23Â°C. It is transmitted by airflow, rainwater, partial nitrogen, insufficient base fertilizer, even rain, lack of illumination, poor ventilation, excessive watering, and excessive density conducive to disease. It is an epidemic disease that repeatedly invades.
Control methods:
1. Agricultural control: Select disease-resistant varieties, pay attention to ventilation, use formula fertilization, reasonably close-growing, timely pruning and clear central diseased plants and diseased leaves.
2. Chemical control: The effect of timely application of the central disease strain is good. Pharmacy: 50% frosty mildew 800 times special net or 25% Lei Duomi 800 times liquid spray. Can also be used 50% a frost copper 600 times Irrigation.
(B) Tomato early blight:
Symptoms identification: a fungal disease, seedling stage, adult stage can be the incidence of disease at seedling stage, the stem base of the seedlings dark brown lesions, a slight depression, a ring pattern. The adult stage usually develops from the lower leaf to the upper part. The initial leaves were water-stained and dark green lesions. After enlargement, they were round or irregular, and the edges were light green or yellow halos. In the middle, there is a concentric ring pattern, and when the dampness occurs, the disease minister produces a black moldy layer. The main symptom is that the disease department has a (concentric) ring pattern.
Occurrence characteristics: The pathogen mainly overwinters with mycelium and conidia on the sick body and seeds, and directly invades and spreads through air flow, irrigation water, and agricultural operations from stomata, wound or epidermis. The pathogenic bacteria grow at a moderate temperature of 26-28Â°C, and the temperature is high. Severe onset of high humidity.
Control methods:
1. Agricultural control: Reasonable rotation and dense planting, selection of disease-resistant varieties.
2. Chemical control: spray with 500 times liquid of antivirinal drugs or fluocin or 1000mg of early epidemics, or 1kg of powder per acre with 5% chlorothalonil dust agent, once in 7-10 days, continuous 3 times.
(c) Tomato bacterial wilt
Symptoms identification: is a vascular bundle disease caused by bacteria, the diseased plant recovers at noon after wilting, dies after 2-3 days, the plant is still blue, it can be seen that the vascular bundle becomes dark brown, the pith turns brown and rot, and the white bacteria are squeezed by hand. Mucus overflows. High temperature and humidity conducive to disease.
Occurrence characteristics: germs overwinter in sick or soil or potato blocks, infiltrate through root or stem base wounds through rainwater or irrigation water, expand in the vascular tissue of the plant body, causing catheter blockage or cell poisoning, and the occurrence of disease The optimum temperature is 30-37Â°C, and the optimum pH is 6.6. The incidence of severe disease after heavy rain or heavy rain is heavy.
Control methods:
1. Crop rotation with cruciferous vegetables and crop rotation.
2, strengthen the cultivation and management, increase the lime to adjust the pH.
3, chemical control: can be used for agricultural streptomycin or can be killed or green lactate IRRIGATING, 0.3 kg per plant, 10 times a total of 2-3 times. Or spray with spotted black rot 1000 times solution.
(d) Tomato virus disease
Symptoms identification: a viral disease, there are three types, 1 mosaic type, yellow and green leaves appear on the leaves or the depth of mottled, veins transparent, slightly shrivelled leaves, mostly flower-faced. 2 fern leaf type, starting from the upper part of the leaf or into a strip, the middle and lower part of the leaf up slightly roll, the petals increase, forming a flower "giant", plant dwarfed to varying degrees. 3 spot types: mainly on fruits and stems.
Occurrence characteristics: high temperature, drought, locust damage, weak plant growth, heavy pods, etc., can easily lead to the occurrence of the disease, can be transmitted through rubbing, snoring, and other state operations, and can also be transmitted through locusts, machinery.
Control methods:
1, agricultural control: 1 selection of disease-resistant varieties. 2 Strengthen the cultivation and management, make a reasonable rotation, remove the diseased plants after harvest, and pay attention to the disinfection of hands and tools in field operations. 3 Seed disinfection, soaking in fresh water for 4 hours, removing and putting in 10% trisodium phosphate solution, soaking for 20 minutes, washing and priming.
2, pay attention to control of aphids: 10% imidacloprid or 0.4% killing acarids kill aphids to reduce aphids transmission opportunities. Or spray with Vickers 800x virus.
3. Control of biological agents: Spray 1% soapy water plus 0.2%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to prevent contact infection before field operation. Spray NS-83 increasing agent 100 times after colonization to enhance plant disease resistance. , can also increase production.
(E) Pepper blight
Symptoms identification: a fungal disease, the adult stage can occur at seedling stage, the incidence of seedling stage, mainly damage the roots, so that the root tissue rot, disease Department contraction, seedlings lodging, causing wet rot, dry vines died. After the colonization, the leaves were infected, the lesions were garden-shaped or near-rounded, dark green, and water-stained. They rapidly expanded to soften the leaves and turned into pale brown after drying. When the leaves fall off and the fruit becomes infected, the peel becomes brown and soft, and the fruit loses or loses water and turns into a stiff fruit and remains on the branch.
Occurrence characteristics: The pathogens overwinter on the sick and the seeds, can directly infect the base, the incidence of the fastest temperature at 27-30 Â°C, less sunshine, high air humidity, low soil evaporation conditions, can be infected. When immersed in irrigation, it can cause serious morbidity.
Control methods:
1. Disinfect seedbed soil, use Rhizoctonia or Chlorothalonil to mix well with 8 g/m2 and 10-15 kg fine soil, apply 1/3 of the pharmacy to the bed, and then leave the remaining 2/3 Medicinal soil cover the seeds.
2. To strengthen field management, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission, prevent excessive humidity, and remove diseased plants in time to concentrate outside the field.
3, chemical control: spraying mango manganese Zn 60 times after colonization protection, the initial onset of frost epilepsy with 800 times or 500% of metalaxyl MnZn or 60% Anke manganese 1500 times spray.
(6) Tomato (capsicum, eggplant) gray mold
Symptoms identification: a fungal disease, flowers, fruit, leaves, stems can be the disease, fruit disease, fruit damage, residual stigma or petals were first infested, after the fruit or stalk extension, resulting in pale skin, and There is a thick layer of gray mold, which is watery. The disease begins at the tip of the leaf and extends inwards along the veins in a "V" shape. It is yellow-brown with a striate line between the depth and the edge.
Occurrence characteristics: With sclerotia overwintering and overheating in soil or sickness, temperature is 20-30Â°C, relative humidity is above 90%, it is easy to occur, flowering period is most susceptible to disease, air flow, irrigation and agricultural operations from the wound, Aging organs invade.
Control methods:
1. Strengthen cultivation and management, avoid watering in rainy days, control watering and fertilization after onset, focus on treating diseased fruits, diseased leaves, and pay attention to agricultural operation hygiene.
2. Chemical control: Seize the drug before transplanting, flowering, and fruit enlargement. Before transplanting, spray the seedlings with quick-drying or pueraine 1500 times. The flowering period is 2-4D or it is well-prepared. Diluted liquid is added to 0.1% of prodimethine or 0.2%-0.3% of metalaxyl hua flowers or daubing, the results of the use of 20% Hui Duo Feng 1500 times or 50% of Botrytis cinerea 600 times or 40% Shijiale 800 times spray.
(7) Chili virus disease:
Symptoms identification: is a viral disease, there are two main types: 1 mosaic necrosis, caused by the tobacco mosaic virus, diseased leaves appear irregular chlorosis, dark green and light green mosaic disease, and some leaves Brown necrotic spots appeared, and dark brown necrotic streak appeared along the stem from the main veins of the leaves, causing defoliation, flowers, and fruit, and the whole plant died. 2 Leaf deformity clustered, caused by cucumber mosaic virus, manifested as thickening of diseased leaves, smaller or fern leaf-like, veins chlorotic, shrinking, uneven, linear, stem internode shortening, plant dwarf, branches and leaves presented Conglomerate clusters, diseased fruit show spotted or necrotic spots, deformed, easy to fall off.
Occurrence characteristics: high temperature, drought conducive to the occurrence of aphids, transmission of poisons, can reduce the plant's antiviral ability, the virus to contact friction, wound propagation (such as pruning, fruit picking, etc.)
Control methods:
1. Seed Disinfection: Soak seeds with fresh water for 2-3 hours, then dip 10% trisodium phosphate for 20-30 minutes, wash and germinate.
2. Pay attention to controlling aphids with 10% imidacloprid or 0.4% miticide.
3. Chemical control: At the beginning of the disease, 1.8% love to receive 600 times more liquid 0.004% Yunda 120 water agent 1500 times, foliar spray, improve plant disease resistance, chemical agents have 20% virus A or 1.5% of the disease Spirit or virus Sigg et al.
(8) Eggplant Mushroom Disease
Symptom identification: It is a fungal disease. It can be diseased from the seedling stage to the adult plant stage. It mainly damages fruits, suffers more fruits and suffers from more old and young fruits below the surface. It initially has water-stained spots, gradually expands, and produces dense white cotton flocculent hyphae. The internal black rot of the fruit is easy to fall off. After the diseased fruit lands, the whole fruit will be rotted through the white mold due to moisture, and finally dried and contracted into a stiff fruit. The diseased leaves have obvious ring patterns.
Occurrence characteristics: The pathogens are overwintering on the soil in the soil, transported by wind and rain, the temperature is 28-30Â°C, the humidity is above 85%, the terrain is low, the drainage is poor, and the vegetation is too late. Nitrogenous, heavy glycosides and long fruit-shaped cultivars became more severe.
Control methods
1. Agricultural control: Increase phosphorus and potash fertilizers, increase resistance, treat diseased fruits outside the field, and crop rotation with melons and beans.
2. Chemical control: The initial spray protection. With 25% metalaxyl 800 times or 64% antiviral 400 times or 20% Hudufeng 1000 times, spray once every 7-10 days, 2 consecutive times.
(9) Side dishes
Morphological characteristics: Department of Arachnida, Acarina head, Acrididae. The worms are small and difficult to detect with the naked eye. The symptoms of the worms are similar to those of viral or physiological diseases.
Damage characteristics: can damage eggplant, pepper, tomato, melons, beans, radish and so on. Adults and nymphs are concentrated in young shoots, young leaves, flowers, young fruits and other young parts of the host to suck juice, especially unexpanded shoots, leaves, and flower organs. The damaged leaves become thicker, stiffer, stiffer, smaller, and narrower. Brownish, oily, curled leaves margins, young stems brown, clustered or bald, buds deformed, fruit turned brown rough, dull, cracking, plant dwarfing.
Control methods:
1. Agricultural control: Depressing the base number of overwhelming insects, doing a good job of prevention and control of the land's harmful pupae, clearing the dead leaves of the fields and burning them.
2. Chemical control: In the initial stage, spray with 73% ketal or 15% fluorenone or 1% albinogen 1000 times. Pay attention to the spray on the back of the upper tender leaves, tender stems, flowers, growing points and young fruit and other parts.

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