New technology tracks anti-cancer immune cells in vivo January 23, 2017 Source: Xinhua News Agency Author: Reporter Madan The use of human immune cells to attack cancer cells "immunotherapy" is currently the focus of international scientific research, but how immune cells in the body have been a mystery. American researchers have recently developed a new method that enables the first localization and monitoring of immune cells in the body. At this stage, immunotherapy still has its limitations. The effect of immune cells finding and killing cancer cells is sometimes better than conventional cancer therapy, and sometimes it does not work. Doctors often have to wait a few months to check if the tumor has shrunk before they know if the immune cells have attacked the cancer cells. If immunotherapy fails, the cancer cells may have spread or become more difficult to deal with. Researchers at Stanford University and other institutions have reported on the online edition of the American academic journal Science Translational Medicine that they have spent 10 years finding ways to track immune cells. They genetically engineered immune cells from patients and added a "reporter gene" that directs the synthesis of a protein that can be detected by positron emission tomography. After the genetically modified immune cells are injected into the human body, by detecting the relevant proteins, information such as the location and number of immune cells can be known, and whether they are close to the tumor and attacked. The researchers successfully tested this technique in patients with glioblastoma. They say new technologies can also be used to track immune cells against other cancers. Stanford Gambier, research director and Stanford University professor, said the technology could show the immune system in a living human body without the need to remove any human tissue. This is an unprecedented achievement. He introduced that immune cell imaging technology also brought a windfall. In a test of a patient, some of the immune cells arrived in the tumor area of ​​the patient's brain, but some of the immune cells went to another area of ​​the brain, and the positron emission tomography showed that there was a second tumor that was not previously found. The researchers say that this technique, which targets immune cells and sees whether they attack cancer cells, helps doctors evaluate whether immunotherapy works for specific cancer patients and analyzes why.
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