1. Long. Apprentice is a common physiological disorder in vegetable breeding. Its characteristics are: thin stems, long internodes, thin leaves, pale green leaves, soft tissue, undeveloped roots; slow seedlings after colonization, low survival rate, late flower bud differentiation and abnormal, less flower buds, malformed flowers and Weak flowers are more likely to fall off, and it is difficult to obtain early maturity and high yield. Management measures: 1 prevention, mainly to increase the light and control the temperature of the seedbed. When the seedlings grow crowded, and time seedlings, seedlings. In the later stage of seedlings, the line spacing can be enlarged to prevent excessive shading. Try to increase the light, even in cold weather, properly open the cover to make the seedlings see light; when the exposed temperature is appropriate, remove all the cover, so that the seedlings fully receive light. The temperature of the seedbed should be strictly controlled according to the needs of growth and development of the seedlings at various stages. 2 Remediation, mainly to control watering, spraying phosphorus, potassium fertilizer or using plant growth regulators to inhibit growth. According to the test, when the tomato seedlings tend to be long, 1 kg of 2000 PPM chlormequat solution is sprayed per square meter of bed surface. After 10 days, the leaf color turns green, the stem becomes thick and strong, and its stress resistance is also obviously enhanced.

2. Deadly seedlings. When the growth and development of the seedlings is inhibited, it is easy to form a "frozen seedling". Its characteristics are: small seedlings, small stems, small leaves, few roots, not easy to occur new roots, flower bud differentiation is not normal, easy to fall flowers and fruit, slow seedlings after planting. The reason for the instability of seedlings is mainly due to the long age of the seedlings and the long-term low temperature and drought of the seedbed. Management measures: 1 change the seedlings to promote seedlings. Give the seedlings a suitable temperature and moisture condition to promote the rapid growth of the seedlings. Practices in various places have proved that under the conditions of artificial temperature-controlled seedlings (such as factory seedlings, electric hotbed seedlings, etc.), there are few dead seedlings. 2 When using cold bed seedlings, try to raise the temperature and ground temperature of the seedbed, and properly water and refine the seedlings. 3 For the rigid seedlings, in addition to measures such as increasing bed temperature and proper watering, 100 g of 10-30 PPM gibberellin solution per square meter of bed surface was sprayed, which significantly stimulated the growth of seedlings.

3. Freeze damage. Freezing damage is often the main cause of seedling failure. After the seedlings were frozen, the leaves and stems were dark and watery, and slowly dried up. When the seedlings were only subjected to light freezing, although the external morphology changed little, the physiological functions had decreased significantly, which not only seriously affected the growth of the seedlings. It also affects the differentiation and development of flower buds, which may cause flower and fruit to fall off or deform. Management countermeasures: 1 Improve the means of nursery, adopt artificial temperature control seedlings, such as electric hotbed seedlings, factory seedlings, etc. 2 warm and antifreeze. During the early spring nursery, pay attention to listening to the weather forecast, observe the weather changes, and take measures to prevent cold and warm in time; when the cold wave invades and the low temperature comes, cover the original covering and press it tightly, and if necessary, add a layer of grasshoppers. Keep the hair and other things as dry as possible to prevent rain and snow from getting wet. 3 Strengthening field management, appropriately increasing light intensity, promoting photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation are important measures to improve the cold resistance of seedlings. In addition, proper control of watering, rational application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, etc., can also improve the cold resistance of seedlings.

4. Air dry. Under normal circumstances, the seedlings grow in an environment with high air humidity, and the transpiration is weak. Once the wind blows, the transpiration suddenly increases, which will destroy the water balance between the original root absorption and transpiration, and make the soft leaves cause If there is too much water loss and it will not be replenished in time, it will be wilted; if the wilting time is too long, the leaves will not recover, and finally the green will die. This phenomenon is called “drying”. The management strategy is: the ventilation of the seedbed is from small to large, so do not overdo it, so that the seedlings have an adaptation process; in the windy weather, the cover is pressed to prevent it from being blown away by the wind.

5. Roots. Also known as rust roots and rotten roots, it is a physiological obstacle caused by excessive humidity and low temperature in the seedbed, especially in the cold, windy (rainy) weather affected by the cold current. The seedbed cannot be ventilated and the seedlings grow weak. It is easy to happen. Usually, the roots are brown rust-colored rot, the growth of the shoots is slow or even stopped, the leaves are grayish green, and gradually turn yellow. Management Countermeasures: Mainly to control watering. In the case of drought in the seedbed, the water is sliced ​​according to the demand of water to prevent flooding; when the roots are rooted, timely ventilation and dehumidification, the fine dry soil (or grass ash) can be removed to absorb moisture, or more loose soil can increase the soil evaporation.

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