High-yield cultivation techniques for rice

First, according to local conditions, select high-quality, high-quality pest-resistant varieties. According to the local ecological conditions, production conditions, economic conditions, cultivation level and the hazards of pests and diseases, the selected plants are suitable for local cultivation after trials and demonstrations. The pests have strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, lodging resistance, strong tiller, high spike rate, and large spikes. High-quality, high-yielding varieties with high seed-setting rate (such as: Guangliang Youyou 476, No. 66 with the best quality). Second, nurture strong and strong. Cultivating strong and strong bred is one of the key technical measures for increasing rice production. The production practice has proved that the cultivation of strong and strong earthworms should be done by fertilizing soil and protecting the soil with soil. The use of dryland breeding techniques should be promoted in rice breeding. Dry aphid has the characteristics of early growth, no obvious returning green period, high effective tillering rate, strong resistance and high seed setting rate. Dry seedlings should be given more fully cooked manure. 1, strong standards. Roots: The root system is developed, thick and short, white, and no black roots. Miao: The base is thick and flat, the seedlings are green, and the leaves are not scattered. The growth was strong, the groups were neat and tidy, the individual differences were small, the seedlings were elastic, the leaves were broad and healthy, the sheaths were short, and the pseudostems were coarse and flat, reaching more than 3 tillers within 30 days of age. Dark green leaves, many green leaves, yellow, dead leaves, moderate height, no pests. 2, sowing. Seed preparation. After the purchase, the plant is tested and modeled and suitable for local planting. It is a high-quality, high-product seed with resistance to diseases and insects, resistance to lodging, strong tillering, large spikes, and high seed setting rate. Seedbed preparation. Choose the dry land with a flat terrain, sunny leewards, deep and fertile soil, or a vegetable garden. Soak germination. Before seed soaking, the seeds are sunned for 1-2 days, then soaked in 3% carbendazim solution for 12 hours, washed with clear water, and soaked until the water becomes clear. Sowing period: according to the local climatic conditions, when the temperature is stable through more than 10 °C can be planted, the county sowing schedule is appropriate in early April; sowing: rice seeds to achieve even density, seeding per acre seedbed 10 -12 Kilograms are appropriate. After planting, the cover film is put on the shelf, and the heat preservation and moisturizing prevent the bad buds and rots caused by the low temperature and reduce the production loss. Seed management. Weeding: After sowing of rice, when the weeds appear on the seedbed, weeding should be done in time. Weeding should be used to manually remove the weeds and prevent injury to the rice seedlings. Water and Fertilizer Management: Sowing till the soil of the nursery bed in the 2 leaf stage is wet, and after the 2 leaf stage, the water should be controlled to reduce humidity and prevent disease. When the seedbed appears dry white or early or late seedling shoots without water droplets or seedlings start rolling leaf, should be filmed in the early morning and late irrigation, in case of high temperature weather at noon to remove film ventilation to prevent high temperature burning seedlings. In the 2-leaf stage, 5 kg of urea per acre is used as weaning fertilizer to promote robust growth; 7-8 kg of urea per acre and 2-3 kg of potash are promoted at the 4-leaf stage, and the seedlings are prepared at a 4.5-5 leaf stage. After transplanting, urea 1.5-2 kg per acre was used to send the husbandry fertilizer 3-4 days before transplanting. Pest control: In the seedling stage, according to the occurrence of pests and diseases, select suitable pesticides to prevent seedling pests and diseases, prevent pests and diseases introduced to the field, reduce the incidence of field diseases and insect pests. Third, transplanting. 1, thick and thin the whole field, Shizu base fertilizer. After the rice is harvested, the ploughs are ploughed in time, buried in the wreckage and plowed before being planted. Fine-scaled the whole field and reached the flat surface, so that "the water is green, the drainage field is water-free". The base fertilizer adheres to the organic fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used in combination. Before planting, combine 1500-2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer in the paddy field and combine the 40-50 kilograms of Mushi calcium in Putian and 8-10 kilograms of potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer. 2, timely hardening seedlings, appropriate early loading. Dry acacia should be planted properly and should be planted in small seedlings. The seedlings should be transplanted for about 30 days, and seedlings should be transplanted to a 5-6 leaf stage. Because the dry roots are well developed and the seedlings are too large, they can easily cause roots when raising seedlings. damage. 3, rational close planting. According to the level of fertility of paddy fields, the transplanting density was determined. When transplanting, seedlings were transplanted and seedlings were planted with 1-2 seedlings per pot. Double rows of plants: large rows of 0.9-1.0 feet, small rows of 0.4-0.5 feet, with a 0.4-0.5 foot pocket. From 1998 to 1999, two-row planting and conventional transplanting trials were carried out in the Tsuihua Town and Jinping Village flower tower villagers groups for two consecutive years. The double-row planting increased the yield by 76.4 kg and 88.5 kg respectively, compared with conventional transplanting, increasing by 11.2. % and 13.3%. Box type planting: Press 5 feet to open the car, the depth of the ditch is 0.8-1.0 feet, each car is planted with 5-6 lines, and the spacing is 0.4-0.5 feet. From 1998 to 2000, in the village group of Jinping Village, Huatan Village Group carried out a comparative test of box-type planting and conventional transplanting for 3 consecutive years. The box-planting plantation yielded 63.2-76.8 kg per mu, which was an increase of 10.6-12.1%. Throwing: The 1.5-1.8 million seedlings per acre are thrown, and the seedlings are thrown into thin and uniform. From 1998 to 2000, the Yusui villagers group of Xiongkui Village carried out a comparative trial of throwing hoeing and conventional transplanting for 3 consecutive years. The throwing hoe increased yield by 72.1-79.3 kg, which was 9.8-11.1% more than conventional transplanting. Fourth, field management. 1, top dressing. Apply 10-15 kilograms of urea per mu, 15-20 kilograms of superphosphate, 4-5 kilograms of potash, and 1.5 kilograms of zinc sulfate for top dressing. About 10 days after transplanting, the seedlings were topped off and promoted effective tillering, which accounted for 30-35% of the total top-dressing amount. The topdressing fertilizer was used at the booting stage, accounting for 65-70% of the total top-dressing fertilizer, in order to increase the seed setting rate and Promotes grain filling. 2, reasonable irrigation. During rice growth, it promotes good root growth, enhances absorption capacity, and promotes robust rice growth. In the management of water, the aim is to increase oxygen, ventilate roots and live roots, and to enhance root activity. During the returning green period, suitable deepwater irrigation will benefit the return of green crops; during the booting period, the heading stage to the full heading stage, shallow water irrigation will be maintained, and the rest of the areas with good irrigation conditions will be mainly kept moist. During the delivery period, shallow water is required to promote pupa, and in the late stage of tillering, appropriate sun control should be adopted to control leeches, reduce ineffective tillers, increase permeability, promote the growth of rice and be robust, and should not be re-sun when controlling crops in the field, and drought and irrigation in the dry season to avoid dehydration. Appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of rice; Grown maturing season to do wet and dry seeds; Yellow ripening drainage drying field, promote ripening; Harvest, do the field anhydrous, so as not to impregnate the rice in the water affect the quality of rice. Fifth, pest and disease control. 1, the main pests and diseases. The main diseases of rice in our county are: rice blast, bacterial blight, sheath blight, and rice smut, etc.; the main pests are: rice planthopper, rice blast, armyworm, rice negative mudworm and so on. 2, prevention and control measures. In the prevention and control of rice pests and diseases, we must adhere to the principle of plant protection with the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control." The comprehensive prevention and control measures centered on the planting of pest-resistant varieties, supplemented by pharmaceutical cultivation and based on fitness cultivation. Agricultural control: selection of insect-resistant varieties, cultivation of strong hoe, reasonable close planting, reasonable fertilization, scientific irrigation; timely removal of plants that are affected by pests and diseases, reducing the number of field pests; rice timely reversal of rice fields after harvest, winter clearing the field and surrounding miscellaneous Grass, destruction of pests and wintering sites, reduce the number of diseases and pests in the coming year and the incidence of pests and diseases. Chemical control: Strengthen the field investigation, timely grasp the occurrence of pests and diseases; during the growth of rice, use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, no residual pesticides to control pests and diseases, and keep the field 3-6cm water layer for 3-5 days after application. Use 20% tricyclazole wettable powder 500-700 times liquid soaking for 24 hours, wash after germination; per acre 75% tricyclazole wettable powder 30 grams or 40% grams alum scattered oil 150-200 grams watered 50- 60 kg of spray to prevent rice blast. With 500% liquid soaked with 10% strong chlorinated for 48 hours, with 20% thiophene WP wettable powder 500 ~ 600 times, with 45% dexamethasone 500 ~ 800 times liquid soaking seeds for 24 to 48 hours. In the three-leaf stage of rice and five days before transplanting, spray 1 time 10% strong chlorine extract 500 times each time, and use 35% grams of zirconium impregnated WP to 28 g/35 g, or 15% of eugenol wettable powder. 20 to 25 grams, or 45% of Daisen ammonium water agent 23 grams of water 50-60 kg spray control bacterial blight of rice. Use 20% Trifenac Emulsion 50-76ml or 50% Carbendazim WP 100g, 30% Mosquito WP 50-75g, Water 100kg Spray, or 25kg Mixed Soil to control rice Sheath blight. 5 to 10 days before heading, use 5% Jinggangmycin agent 150 ml or 20% Triadimefon EC 75 ml, or 12.5% ​​musty water solution 150 ml Water 50-60 kg spray control 1 or 2 times Control rice rice smut. The rice planthoppers were sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 25% urea wettable powder 2000-2500 times, or 5% fipronil suspension 1200-1500 times. Before sowing or transplanting, use 3% carbofuran granules per acre to spread 15-20 kilograms of mixed fine soil; when transplanting, use 90% of trichlorfon crystal 0.5 to dilute 400-500 kilograms of dipping seedlings 10 Minutes; Datian period 50% of the killing of pine sac cream or 50% of Badan water 800-1000 times spray control of rice borers. Use 100 worms or 50% killer pine oil 800-1000 times, 25% insecticidal worm or 25% insecticide double 500 times, 20% fast killing decylate or 2.5% dichlorm emulsion 4000-5000 times liquid spray Control of rice armyworm. Use 25% trichlorfon powder 3-4 pounds per acre; or tobacco powder 4 pounds mix hydrated lime 25 pounds, apply when the morning dew is not dry; use 50% kill peck pines 800 times; or 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times liquid spray control of rice negative slime.

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