In response to the current status of the development of potato cultivation, the following major cultivation techniques are proposed:

Selection of improved species

The selection of improved varieties is an important part of high-yield cultivation of potatoes.

Site preparation

Potatoes are crops that are not resistant to continuous cropping. Potato plots are planted in plots that have not been planted with potatoes and other solanaceous crops for three years. Potatoes are very sensitive to continuous cropping. Production must avoid continuous cropping. If a piece of potato is continuously planted on the ground, it will not only cause serious diseases, such as bacterial wilt, but also cause soil nutrient imbalance, especially certain trace elements, causing poor potato growth, short plants, low yield, and poor quality. Potatoes and corn, wheat and other plants have a good yield increase effect.

Potato tuber enlargement requires loose fertile soil. Therefore, the plots for planting potatoes are best selected from flat land, irrigation conditions, well-drained, deep plowed and loose sandy loam. After harvesting, we must plough deep into the fields, and then we must do it. The width and height of the earthworm depend on the topography and soil moisture. High-drainage well-developed areas can be used for wide-opening and low-lying terrain, while those with poor drainage are required to be narrow or tall.

Shizuji Fei

The potato forms a large number of stems and leaves and tubers during the growth period, and therefore, more nutrients are needed. Among the three elements of fertilizer, the demand for potassium is the most, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. Basal fertilizer plays an important role in potato yield increase. The basal fertilizer of potatoes must account for 3/5 or 2/3 of the total fertilizer. Basal fertilizer is mainly composed of mature manure fertilizers and manure and livestock manure, and is supplemented with phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Generally, the organic fertilizer in Mushi is 1000-1500 kilograms, calcium superphosphate 15-25 kilograms, and plant ash 100-150 kilograms. Basal fertilizers should be applied to joints or digging holes in the soil below 10 cm in order to facilitate plant absorption and loosening of potato layers. When planting, 20-30 tons of decomposed manure and urine per acre, or 5-8 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer is used as a seed fertilizer, so that the emergence of seedlings quickly and neatly, and promote seedlings and strong growth.

Seed processing

1. Selection of seed potatoes: On the basis of selection of improved varieties, choose potato shape, with typical characteristics of the varieties, smooth and bright potato skin, weight of 1-2 two kinds of healthy seed potatoes of moderate size for the species. When selecting the seed potato, it is necessary to strictly remove the epidermis cracks, malformations, pointed heads, necrotic buds, raw lesions, or black rot tubers of the umbilicus.

2. Dicing with small whole potatoes for planting: Seed-planting of diatoms can promote the exchange of oxygen inside and outside the tubers, breaking dormancy, early germination and emergence. However, when cutting, it is easy to pass diseases through the knife, causing bad seeds, lack of seedlings or increase the incidence of field, and accelerate the degradation of varieties. The cuttings are too large and the amount of seed is large, generally cut into 20-30 grams is appropriate. Dicing when cutting, so that each cutting has a bud with the top edge. Cut out the diseased potato when cutting, and cut the utensils to be strictly disinfected to prevent transmission of disease. The use of small whole-potato seeds can avoid the disease caused by cutting knives, and the viability and drought resistance of small whole potatoes are strong. The emergence of seeds after sowing is early and neat, and the number of buds, the number of main stems and the number of tubers per hole increase. Therefore, about 25 grams of robust and small potatoes are used as seeds, which has significant effect on disease prevention and yield increase. However, the sweet potato generally has a short growing period, low maturity, long dormancy, and often premature aging. The cultivation needs to grasp the appropriate density, make germination, increase potassium fertilizer, and with the corresponding nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, in order to play the production potential of small potatoes for the species.

3. Germination: Germination is an important measure for preventing disease and producing high yields in potato cultivation. Germination before sowing can promote early maturity and increase yield. At the same time, during the germination process, diseased rotten potatoes can be eliminated, and the rate of diseased plants in the field or lack of seedlings after planting can be reduced, which is beneficial to seedlings and seedlings. Germination method: The seed potato and sand are layered and placed in layers, and the thickness is about 3-4 layers. Under the optimum temperature and constant humidity of about 20°C, seed potatoes can germinate after about 10 days. When germinating, seed germination can be improved by soaking seeds with 0.5-1ppm gibberellic acid solution or 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes or soaking with 2% thiourea for 20 minutes.

Timely sowing

An important condition for determining the appropriate time for potato sowing is the temperature of the growing period. In principle, the potato potato harvest period should be at a daily average temperature of 15°C-25°C. The longer the period of suitable tuber growth, the higher the total weight. Most of them are planted after late rice or medium rice. The autumn potatoes are sown from late September to late October, and the winter potatoes are sown from late December to mid-January.

Reasonable dense planting

The yield factors that make up the potato are the product of the number of trees per unit area and the yield per plant. Yield per plant is determined by the number of potato plants per plant and the weight of individual potatoes. There is a contradiction between the increase in population and the increase in yield per plant. When the number of plants per unit area increased, the yield per plant decreased correspondingly, both of which had a certain dependency on the planting density. Within a certain density range, the yield of the population increased with the increase of the density; the yield per plant decreased with the increase of the density. Therefore, the determination of density must consider the harmonization of the two contradictory factors of population yield and individual yield. If the density is small, although the single plant is well developed and the yield is high, the total number of plants per unit area is small, the number of tubers is less, and the yield is not high. If the density is too high, although the total number of plants is large, the single potato weight is very low and the same yield is not high. Therefore, the rational close planting is to make a reasonable group structure within the unit area, which can not only make individuals develop well, but also can exert the group's production increase effect, so as to make full use of light energy and land force, and thus obtain high yield. Considering the coordinated development of populations and individuals, the potato has about 6,000 plants per acre under the general cultivation level, and each plant has 2-3 stems.

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