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Main Diseases and Prevention of Gerbera
Gerbera is also known as Gerbera, a perennial herbaceous flower of the genus Gerbera in the Asteraceae family. With large flowers, long shelf life, and bright and colorful flowers, it is an ideal material for gift bouquets, flower baskets, and art flower arrangements. It is also known as the "Five Cut Flowers of the World" along with Chrysanthemum, Tang Changpu, Rose, and Carnation. The international and domestic markets are very popular. At present, due to the dramatic increase in fresh cut flower use in China, gerbera has become an indispensable species on the market, and the planting area has expanded rapidly. However, in production, especially in the cultivation of protective ground facilities, it is vulnerable to various diseases, seriously affecting its yield and quality, and greatly reducing the production efficiency. According to the planting experience of the school flower base for many years, the author summarized the occurrence of the disease as follows for reference. 1 root rot 1.1 symptoms The disease can occur throughout the reproductive period, mainly endangering the underground roots. The roots of the diseased plants were brownish and had less fibrous roots. The roots and skins of the diseased plants were easily stripped. The whole plant was easy to pull up and the diseased plants were significantly rotted. 1.2 Prevention 1 Strictly soil disinfection, using 1000-1500 times solution of enemy cough for soil treatment 20 days before transplanting. 2 It was found that the diseased plants were removed at any time to prevent the spread of germs, and the diseased soil had to be excavated to replace the new soil. 3 Use sufficient organic fertilizer and increase potassium fertilizer. 4 The onset of growth should be sprayed or watered in a timely manner 95% green hen 1 2500 times or root rot 500 times. 2 Botrytis cinerea 2.1 Symptoms mainly attack flowers and also harm rhizomes. Floral organs become infected, and water spots appear on the buds and petals at first, and then gradually expand, causing the petals to die, that is, the flower withered. After the infection in the base of the root, it spreads to the sides and the lower part, causing severe rot. The dark stem lesions appear on the petioles in the upper part of infected plants, causing the leaves to wither and turn grayish yellow, and the plants die in severe cases. When the humidity is high, all diseased parts grow gray mold. 2.2 Control 1 Select high-dwelling and easy-drainage plots as greenhouses. The soil in the greenhouses should not be too wet and should not be over-closely planted. 2 Completely remove the sick body to reduce the initial infection source in production and storage. 3 Use 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution or 50% quick WP wettable powder 1500 times to spray water. In low temperature and rainy season, use more smoke agent and less water agent. 3 Epidemics 3.1 Symptoms may occur throughout the reproductive period, and the damage during the flowering period is heavy. At the beginning of the disease, the upper part of the crop is dehydrated, curled, and then wilt and easy to pull up; the affected root becomes soft, water-stained, brownish, rot, the cortex falls off, and the discolored middle column is strewn with mildew. When the humidity is high, the sparse white mold layer grows on the surface of the diseased part. 3.2 Prevention 1 Careful conservation, timely removal of diseased plants and fallen leaves in the late autumn and early winter, and concentrated burning. 2 Areas where the disease is heavy are encouraged to plant ridges. Conditions can be used to avoid raining. After the rain, drain water in time to prevent moisture retention. 3 before the onset of spraying 58% metalaxyl MnZn wettable powder 800 times or 64% antiviral WP 500 times, 72% DuPont Ke Lu WP 700 times. 4 Brown Spot Disease 4.1 Symptoms The disease mainly occurs on the leaves. Initially, several round or irregularly shaped brown spots were produced on the diseased leaves, and then gradually expanded into lesions of 1 to 7 mm. The lesions were dark gray in the center, slightly raised brown lines on the edges, and purple brown on the periphery. Ye Zheng, On both sides of the back there is no obvious dark green mold. Sometimes the lesions in the center are cracked and perforated. 4.2 Prevention 1 Choose a well-drained and airy land for planting. 2Appropriate fertilization, do not apply excessive nitrogen fertilizer, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and enhance the disease resistance of plants. 3 Diseased leaves and diseased plants were found to be eradicated in time and destroyed centrally to eliminate the source of infection. 4 spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 to 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times, spray 7 days, 2 or 3 times in a row, the control effect is good. 5 Sclerotinia disease 5.1 Symptoms and diseases occur from the base of the stem, causing the stem to rot. In the initial stage, the diseased part was watery brownish soft rot, and in the later stage, black rat urogenous sclerotia were visible inside and outside the stem. The typical symptom of the disease is rapid soft rot in the diseased part, dense white floc, or black rat feces. 5.2 Prevention 1 Prevent rotation with cruciferous crops, remove diseased plants in time, and reduce sources of infection. 2 Select well-drained loose soil for planting. Plant and row spacing should not be too dense for ventilation and light transmission. 3 focus on biological control, if necessary, with 50% Suo Keling wettable powder 1500 times, or 50% nongren wettable powder 1000 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 to 1000 times spray Prevention. 6 VIRUS DISEASE 6.1 Symptoms The infected leaves have chlorotic mottles, ring spots, spots or leaf folds, crunches, severe cotyledons, small flowers, malformations, unpleasant flowers, and plant atrophy and brittleness. Due to the different species, the petal of the victim flower is broken and some flowers are dark or the flowers are deformed. 6.2 Control 1 Remove weeds in the surrounding area and use insecticides to control aphids in time. 2 Use 10% trisodium phosphate to sterilize cut flowers, scissors, etc. 3 If necessary, spray 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times or 5% virus poison clear 400 times. 7 Iron deficiency yellow flower 7.1 Symptoms: When the disease develops, the leaf color becomes lighter, and the leaves lose their greenness, showing a yellowish-white color. The veins remain green. When the leaves are severe, the leaves turn white, the leaf margins turn yellow, and necrotic brown spots appear on the tip of leaves, and even the leaves are dry. 7.2 Prevention 1 Increase the use of organic fertilizers and advocate the use of bio-fertilizers to make the soil slightly acidic. 2 Foliar spray 0.1% ferrous sulfate for emergency control.