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Causes of Early Spring Frost Injury in Tea Garden and Preventive and Remedial Measures
To understand and master the law of occurrence of meteorological causes of frost damage in early spring and take preventive agricultural measures in a timely manner, it is of great significance to the development of famous teas in the morning market. First, the meteorological causes of frost damage Hangzhou is located in the northern end of the humid subtropical region, a subtropical monsoon humid climate, long frost-free period, the general average frost end of March in mid-March; but whenever the winter and spring alternate periods, more rainy weather, and often Cold air intrusion and typhoon impact, low temperatures, large changes, "cold spring" occurs from time to time. Therefore, from the impact of climatic characteristics on the damage to tea gardens, frost (night cream), hail, and snow and ice are the most harmful to the production of famous teas in the early morning market in spring, because the occurrence frequency, range, and degree of harm are most prominent in early spring. Whenever the season of Yangchun March comes, the earth warms up and the early buds of tea plants germinate and thrive. If there is strong cold air in the north and the south invades, the temperature plummets, and dark frost, hail and snowfall often occur, causing freezing damage to tea trees. Second, the cause of the tea tree frost damage The formation of tea tree frost damage has long been considered to be a physics mechanism, that is, the tea tree is in a low temperature condition, the supersaturated water vapor in the air condenses into numerous small droplets of ice on the buds. Because plant cells contain soluble salts and other soluble components, their freezing point is usually lower than the freezing point of water. Tea tree in the cold and cold wind environment conditions, the causes of fresh red frost damage: First, the free space between the leaves of ice cells freeze, causing cells to shrink, so that the cell water gradually penetrates into the cell gap, and continue to knot Ice causes dehydration and degeneration of the leaf cell protoplasm and coagulation, cell death, and new shoot redness. Second, the accumulation of ice in the intercellular space of the leaf cells increases the pressure on the cells and the cells are squeezed. The cell walls are mechanically damaged and rupture, and the new shoots become red. Third, after the early spring tea shoots germinated, the physiological activity was strengthened, the concentration of the cell protoplasm decreased, the water increased, and the ability to withstand the cold was reduced. The temperature suddenly dropped below zero and the fresh shoots became red and red. After the winter “breeding and restâ€, the tea tree reserves sufficient nutrients for the growth of new spring tea. Once the temperature of the earth rises, the physiological function of the tea tree becomes extremely active, the concentration of the cell tissue protoplasm decreases, the water content increases, the sugar content decreases, and the new shoot shoots germinate. The water content of shoots quickly increased to more than 75%. Such as sudden snowfall, dark frost, "cold spring" and other climatic changes, the temperature dropped sharply, resulting in tea shoots have germinated new shoots, intracellular water icing, the original quality suffered mechanical damage, tea juice spills, air redox, scorch, Severe freezing injury was caused, resulting in a reduction in the production and listing of “before the Ming†tea and a serious loss of economic income. III. Freezing damage to tea trees and their defense techniques The tea trees are cold-damaged and are generally light and heavy in the south and light in the low mountain and heavy mountain in the suburbs. 1. Preventive measures against frost damage 1.1 Tea garden coverage. According to the cool-weather forecast, the cover of straw, plastic film, and shade nets will be covered on the surface of the tea tree cover before the low-temperature cold wave arrives, and the tea tree will be protected against cold springs. After the cold in spring, cover should be removed in time. 1.2 Smoke protection against freezing. The role of smoke is the formation of smoke, can prevent the spread of radiation on the ground heat, this method to prevent night cream is more effective. According to the wind direction, topography and area, it can be set up. The heat released during smoking can also increase the temperature of the tea garden, preventing freezing and accumulation of fertilizer. 1.3 Water spray freezes and freezes. The function of the water spray is to release heat energy when the water droplets are frozen, so that the temperature of the tea leaf surface is maintained at about the freezing point, and the antifreeze effect is achieved; when the temperature drops close to 0° C., water can be sprayed onto the crown surface. 1.4 rush mining and mining. In early spring, the sudden drop in temperature caused by the cold wave is swift and unstable. Special attention must be paid to weather forecast. Before the cold wave strikes, the centralized pickers will rush to collect and strive to minimize the damage caused by freezing damage. 2. Remedies for frozen tea trees Once the tea trees have been frozen, they should promptly adopt agronomic measures to remediate them and restore the tea trees to life as soon as possible to reduce losses. 2.1 Collected frozen red buds. After the tea gardens were slightly frozen, the sprouts were red, and they were not deep and the branches were sticky. The sprouts of the red zoom should be picked up in time to facilitate the germination of the second round of new shoots. 2.2 Timely pruning. The tea gardens are heavily chilled, and the buds are red and the leaves are zoomed off. The sprouting branches are faded and the sprouting branches show signs of death. According to the degree of freezing, the branches that have lost their ability to shoot can be cut lightly or deep-cut in time, and the parts that are dead locally are sorted. Cut to prevent the spread from harming the entire shoot. Pruning is not timely, it will delay the restoration of tea tree vitality, affecting the production of spring tea. 2.3 topdressing bud fertilizer. After being frozen and trimmed, the tea tree is a kind of wound and will inevitably consume a large amount of nutrients in the tea tree. In order to ensure that the soil provides adequate nitrogen nutrition to the roots, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer management, topdressing quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriately adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to enhance Tree vigor. 2.4 Spray fertilizer out of roots. In order to accelerate tea tree's absorption of moisture and nutrients, it is necessary to supplement with external spray fertilizer, conventional use of 1% urea diluent, or to spray fertilizer with plants such as Penshibao, Gaomeishi, and Aiduosheng. A new round of bud sprouting takes place at a fast pace.