Potato requirements for environmental conditions

1. Hilight, requires a reasonable amount of sunshine, fear that weak potato is a hi-light crop, and requires sufficient sunshine during the growing season; the length of sunshine is appropriate, about 12 hours. The most favorable conditions for yield formation during the various growth stages of potato are: short day, strong light and appropriate high temperature in seedling stage, long day of tuber formation, strong light and appropriate high temperature, tuber growth and short period of starch accumulation, strong light, suitable low temperature And a large temperature difference between day and night.

2. Like the cool climate, it is suitable for the average daily temperature of 17~21 °C during the period of high temperature tolerance. The suitable temperature for germination is 12~18°C; the growth of stems and leaves requires higher temperature, and the optimum temperature is about 20°C; the tuber expansion requires lower temperature, and the optimum soil temperature is 16~18°C.

3. Hi-dry climate, afraid of wet weather, the relative humidity of the potato is 70%~80%.

4. Hi-wet soil, fear of dryness, fear that the soil moisture during the soil growth period should be maintained at 70%~80% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil; the water supply should be properly controlled in the late stage of the growing period, and the soil moisture should be reduced from 80% to 60%; The soil moisture during the potato period should be increased to 80% to 85%.

5. The soil requires deep topsoil, loose structure, good drainage and aeration and organic-rich soil, especially for the cultivation of potatoes on sandy loam with good porosity and good ventilation. The emergence of seedlings is fast, the tuber formation is early, and the potato tubers are neat. The potato skin is smooth, and the yield and starch content are high. The pH of the potato is most suitable for pH 5.5~6. It can grow well in the neutral or even alkaline soil in the north, but the plant is sensitive when the soil salt content reaches 0.01%.

6. Nutritional requirements Potatoes absorb the most potassium fertilizer throughout the growing season, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. For every 1000 kg of tubers produced, about 5 to 6 kg of pure nitrogen, 1 to 3 kg of pure phosphorus, and 12 to 13 kg of pure potassium are needed.

Potatoes can be grown in most parts of Shandong Province, and virus-free seed potatoes are preferred. In the spring and autumn of the Lunan spring and autumn, the temperature of the spring potato is from low to high, the length of the day is from short to long, and it is vulnerable to night frost after emergence. The later rain is more, the late blight is heavier; the temperature of autumn potato is high. Low, the length of the day from long to short, the early stage is vulnerable to high temperature constraints and drought threats, often occur in the absence of old seedlings, early frost damage. In the management, pay attention to germination in advance, apply enough base fertilizer, prematurely soil, cultivate strong seedlings, timely watering and top dressing to uncover the flower buds.

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