In recent days, there has been heavy rain in the Sanxiang area, and vegetables have suffered devastating losses in many areas. After a large amount of rainfall, the water can not be drained in time to make water appear in vegetable fields, causing damage to vegetables and causing damage. There is no obvious water in the vegetable field, but the soil is in a state of saturation for a long time. The root system of the plant suffers from oxygen deficiency and is stunted. It is called wet damage (waterlogging, waterlogging). Harmfulness is often associated with outbreaks of flash floods or flooding after heavy rains, and poor drainage can also accumulate when flats are drained.

The main harm of harm to vegetables

1. Causes vegetables to be wet. Excessive rainwater, elevated groundwater levels, or poor drainage after flooding, or continuous overcast rain will cause the soil moisture to remain saturated. Hypoxia in soil causes the physiological activities of vegetables to be inhibited, affecting the absorption of water and fertilizers, and leading to the death of root systems. At the same time, harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and methane are produced to cause damage to vegetables. The continuous rain with the wet damage caused the lack of illumination of the vegetables, the heavy respiratory depletion, the declining growth, the falling of flowers, and the induction of many diseases. Wet damage to vegetables occurs mainly in the spring and summer, when it rains continuously, or when it continuously drops from heavy rain to heavy rain. Under the influence of cloudy rain and wet weather, the field is easily wetted with water, causing the seedlings to grow very slowly, even yellowing, mildew, and induce a variety of diseases, so that early sowing of vegetables in spring sowing, shorten the supply time, but also affect the summer vegetables Growth and development.

2. Cause damage to vegetables. Precipitation time is too long, too concentrated is the main reason for the formation of vegetable damage. In addition to mechanical damage caused by water damage to vegetables, the main hazard to vegetables is suffocation and hypoxia. Although aquatic vegetables are resistant to waterlogging, water can't survive without submergence. Most vegetables are very resistant, especially most melons. Beans and solanaceous vegetables. Most of the vegetables are flooded for several days or even one day. Severe damage may be caused. Although cucumbers in melons are more humid and moist, the cucumber roots have high respiratory intensity, need more oxygen, and are prone to hypoxia under the condition of water. And rotten root. In addition to the melons, the melons were more tolerant to moisture than other melons, especially watermelons and melons, but the water was dead. The root vegetables, legumes, and leafy vegetables were also required to have water. It is easy to die and infects many diseases.

II The main measures for preventing and mitigating harm

1. Grab the charge. As a result of continuous rainfall, low-lying rainwater has already propped up, resulting in the damage of lightly damaged vegetable land at a high altitude. The low-lying land may be exposed to rain for a longer period of time and is in a loss-of-yielding condition. Vegetables, such as eggplants and solanes, should be collected in time, and personal safety should be taken into account when they are collected.

2. Early prevention. The Sangou (Weigou, Yaogou, Xianggou) was opened in good time so that the ditches could communicate with each other and the flooded vegetable fields should be drained in time to prevent the accumulation of water in the fields. Seeding and planting pay attention to weather forecasts and avoid heavy rain. Using sorghum cultivation. Pay attention to drainage and level the land so that the water in the field can be discharged quickly after the rain. In low-lying vegetable fields, sorghum or aquatic vegetables and moisture-tolerant vegetables should be planted. The vegetable base of the facility should be reasonably irrigated, and drip irrigation facilities can be laid under conditions. Drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, hose micro-irrigation, and sub-membrane infiltration irrigation are simple and easy methods of preventing moisture and damage. At the same time, the application of organic fertilizer will help to improve the soil's ability to remove the hardened water and increase water seepage.

3. Dehumidify in time. After the rain receded, it must be ploughed in time to strengthen the plant and reduce the damage. For some vegetables, such as eggplants, peppers, tomatoes, etc., which are severely submerged, but the roots are not dead, they can be properly cut off by densely cut branches and leaves, or shaded with short-term shades to prevent sudden sun exposure and reduce transpiration. Physiological disorders cause wilting of plants. For melons and other vegetables, the yellow leaves and old leaves of the base can be removed, and appropriate cultivators, soils, and vines can be used to promote root development and restore growth. For beans and leafy vegetables, clean water can be used to timely flush the sand and mud deposited on the leaves to ensure normal photosynthesis of the leaves. At the same time, the field cultivator and soil are cultivated to prevent soil compaction caused by flooding, resulting in the lack of oxygen in the root and physiological roots.

4. Control pests. After the vegetable is damaged, the vitality of the root system is greatly reduced, the resistance of the plant is weakened, and various pests and diseases are prone to occur. The prevention work should be done in time. Do a good job in prevention and control of soft rot, physiological roots, downy mildew, and Phytophthora. At the same time, the vegetable fields are washed and submerged by rain, and the loss of nutrients is serious. Therefore, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium multiple compound fertilizers should be applied in time. At the same time, in combination with pest and disease control, foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate or naphthalene acetic acid or plant growth regulators were applied outside the roots to promote the development of new underground roots and new shoot growth.

5. Assault sowing. For vegetable fields that have been ravaged by spring and summer crops, the vacant vegetable fields will be planted by surprise. Suitable for fast-growing vegetables such as oil-vegetables, early-maturing Chinese cabbage, celery, lettuce, small greens, spinach, lettuce, kale, and green beans grown at that time. For cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, lettuce stems, cabbage, and eggplant can be timely use of facilities for nursery or direct field reseeding.

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