In China, nervous system drugs are also one of the drugs with the most rapid sales growth in recent years. In 2002, nervous system drugs occupied 5.9% of the entire pharmaceutical market share, and the total sales amount increased by 9.4%. buy nootropics,nootropics benefits,nootropics for adhd,nootropics for weight loss,nootropics supplements Shaanxi YXchuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd , https://www.peptidenootropics.com
With the increasing trend of urbanization and aging, the elderly population in China has exceeded 120 million, and the incidence of geriatric diseases, especially mental diseases, is increasing year by year. With the increase of residents' income, the elderly's requirements for quality of life also increase. As a result, the demand for drugs to treat mental illnesses such as Alzheimer's has soared. In WHO drug classification, psychotropic drugs and nootropic drugs are grouped into one class. We briefly analyzed the development trend of this class of drugs through the clinical drug use data collected from more than 300 domestic key hospitals by Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
The overall market size of this class of drugs is about 1.22 billion yuan, the consumption sum increased by 5.0% in 2002, but the sales quantity increased by 11.2%. The main reason why the consumption sum did not increase with the sales quantity is that several main varieties of this class of drugs, such as piracetam, cobalt bin amide and ginkgo biloba leaf, etc. In 2002, the price of selling units fell sharply due to bidding. Among these drugs, ginkgo biloba preparation occupies the largest market share, accounting for more than 1/3 of the market share, ganglioside ester and cobalt bin amide combined also occupy nearly 1/3 of the market share, piracetam and other "sitan" drugs occupy nearly 10% of the market share, the rest of the drugs occupy less than 5% of the market share. At present, more than 20 ginkgo leaf production enterprises, piracetam production enterprises more than 70, have entered the stage of price competition, profit repeatedly diluted.
In the first-line varieties, except ginkgo biloba leaves preparation maintained vigorous vitality, the growth of other varieties were weak, especially the traditional variety piracetam suffered from bidding
Deer's sexual maturity
When the deer develops to a certain age, its second sexual characteristics such as horns and breasts develop and have reproductive ability. The female deer has a cyclical change - estrus. During estrus, the follicles in the ovaries develop rapidly, secrete estrogens, stimulate females to develop sexual desire and sexual excitement, provide fertility conditions for the reproductive tract, and finally ovulate and rupture the follicles to fertilize pregnant offspring. The female deer has estrus in the first ovulation and has reproductive ability, but the genital organs have not yet matured and the function is not complete. During the first oestrus of the female deer, the follicles in the ovary develop ovulation, but there is no progesterone in the body, so the estrus symptoms are not obvious. Although there is estrus, but do not ovulate, or can ovulate but not pregnant. At this time, the female deer has reproductive function, but the reproduction rate is very low. Different species and climate, management, feeding conditions, health conditions can affect the female deer's puberty. In general, spotted deer begin to mature at 3 months of age, and some spotted deer begin to mature at 1 month of age. Female red deer are generally 23 months old, and individuals enter the puberty at 3 months of age. At maturity, the female deer has developed completely, and its body shape, appearance, development structure and function of various tissues and organs have been improved. After sexual maturity, it generally reaches maturity: female deer is 2 years old, male deer is 5 years old, female deer At 2 years old, male deer is 3 years old. The starting weight of the breeding should be around 11 for adult weight. 2 Deer sexual behavior Adult male stag sex has obvious seasonality. The Northern Red Deer began in mid-March; the deer began in late March and most of them reached the end of November. Individual individuals can continue until the following year. The beginning of the month, the most obvious period is May. At this time, it is the time when the female deer estrus. Female cervus estrus is an important factor leading to sexual behaviors in the Bucks. Climate and other conditions such as male and female deer mixed groups are also influencing factors. Stagnancy growth stagnant or ossification, wringing, sexual impulses gradually emerged, loss of appetite or not eaten, neck circumference increased about 3 times thicker, thicker skin, constricted inverted taper, resulting in breeding weight stag The period dropped significantly by 21 or so. The stag is fierce, aggressive, bellicose, nervous; top hard objects, female deer and even top people. Milled corner plate, squat, pit, muddy water, mud bath. The Bucks met with the Bucks for the first time. They raised their heads, curled their lips, and some penis twitched, urinated and protested each other. Finally they bowed their heads, crossed their limbs, raised their backs and raised their tails. The stag's sexual behavior manifests as courtship, crawling, ejaculation, and mating. The stag sniffed the estrus's vulva and urine, lifted her head up to her neck, and her nostrils turned upside down. She curled up her upper lip and chased her to climb over her. If the female deer has entered the estrus phase and accepts the climb, the stag will climb once, and the two forelegs will be attached to the shoulders or shoulders of the female deer. When the penis is inserted into the vagina, the ejaculation process is completed within one second. The two-year-old male deer can be mated with two female deer in succession. A dozen female deer can be paired in one day. The male sika deer can mate 33 times during the mating period of 53 days, and mate every day during the peak period. Male red deer 23 times. The general mating frequency: Sika deer is greater than the Tianshan red deer is greater than the Northeast red deer. Female deer estrus law: velvet deer generally in February, and some extended to estrus mating in March, the first year in May or until late March litter birth, reproductive seasonal obvious. However, Sambars, which live in areas with less obvious changes in the four seasons, are usually estrus-matched in May, and are littered from December to February of the following year. The breeding season is not obvious. Throughout the mating period, the sika deer experienced two estrus cycles; the red deer can experience two estrus cycles. In the estrous cycle, the female deer undergoes periodic changes at intervals of 26 days under the alternation of estrogen and progesterone. The behavior of female deer estrus is irritability and wagging. Early estrus excitement, food loss, joy, bubbling mouth, tweets, vulva slightly soft, direct vision, close to seduce the bucks, but refused to mate; estrus escalation period, the vulva was swollen, a small amount of egg white secretions, tears The nest is open, the tail is waving, and the urinary frequency is often heard. The humming sound is often heard. Actively approach the bucks, rub the back of the buck with the neck and jaw, stand still, and accept the bucks across the appendix. About 3 of the velvets received mating during the estrus phase, at which point fertility rates were about to be matched; at the end of the estrus, the females refused to mate. The match between the first-match female deer and the old weak deer, and the second-hand female deer who only took the forage when they were stolen, are all abnormal mating. The estrus estrus duration is 15 hours, and the estrus goes into estrus in 21 hours; the elaphus is short in estrus, about 1 hour, and it enters the estrus in 3 hours. China Agricultural Network Editor