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Soil Requirements of Wheat in South Henan and Land Preparation Technology in Wheat Field
The southern Henan wheat growing area is located on the southern edge of the middle-ripening winter wheat region in the North China Plain. The multiple cropping index is high. Most crops are ripe for two or three crops a year, and the agricultural structure is not reasonable. Reuse of light nutrients, soil organic matter and available nutrients Low, need to increase nitrogen and potassium. Therefore, it is particularly important to master the requirements of wheat on the soil and wheat field preparation technology. First, the requirements of wheat on the soil 1. Have a good soil texture Henan South region accumulated high temperature before winter, wheat growth period before the long winter, production should not only prevent excessive consumption of nutrients, but also to prevent freezing damage. Therefore, it is required that the soil should not only retain water and nutrients, but also have good permeability. Generally, the soil is most suitable for planting. 2. High nutrient content Wheat growth requires that the soil has a hydrolyzable N content of 40 to 60 mg/kg. The content of available P is 20-30 mg/kg or more, and the available K content is 100 mg/kg or more. According to the effective NPK content of the soil in the south of Henan, the ratio of fertilizer application is 1:1:0.9. Generally, it is better to use pure N150 kg/ha, effective phosphorus 150 kg/ha, and effective potassium 135 kg/ha. 3, to have a thick layer of soil thick layer of plowing, root system developed, robust wheat growth. Therefore, the wheat fields in the south of Henan require deep plowing, generally 25 to 30 centimeters is appropriate, fine pound many times, so that the plow layer soft and deep, the virtual virtual reality, no plow, no crop roots, bottom pound sufficiency. 4. There must be a smooth surface. In the south of the Yu'nan area, there is more rain, and the land is uneven. This can easily cause the "three dead fields" to dry up at high altitudes, pitting, fine soil preparation, and leveling the land. 5. The pH value of the soil is 6.8 to 7 in the south of Henan Province. The soil is barren, the potential fertility is poor, and the loss of soil and fertilizer is serious, which affects the wheat yield. Therefore, it is generally desirable to produce neutral soil with a soil pH of 6.8 to 7 in production. Second, the wheat field preparation technology 1, deep plowing generally deep plowing can thicken the mature soil layer, increase soil porosity, promote microbial activity, reduce the risk of pests and weeds. It is appropriate to produce 25-30 cm deep on the production. And it should be noted that deep plowing will deepen year by year, and the sooner the better. Once too deep, the raw soil that was pulled out was too late to ripen. Deep arable land should also be combined with the application of organic fertilizer to improve the efficiency of deep arable land. It is better to pour muddy water after deep plowing, which can prevent low-lying problems and prevent the soil from sinking. 2. Soil preparation standards The preparation of the south wheat field in South Henan shall be conducted as early tillage, deep tillage, ploughing, thorough soiling, multiple cropping, and fine cropping. It shall be carried out under virtual conditions, and shall be straight and straight, without crop roots, weeds, and adequate bottom fertilizer. Both: early, deep, static, fine, solid, flat, transparent, and full "eight" standard.