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Characteristics and Techniques of Post-Climate Cultivation of Muskmelon
In order to make up for the shortage of thick-skinned muskmelon production in the spring, the needs of the cultivation market in late autumn can be adopted. Late autumn cultivation is often referred to as off-season production. The climate is characterized by high temperature in the seedling stage, little rain in the middle period, low humidity, and low temperature in the later period. Melon's fertility characteristics are rapid growth at seedling stage, short seedling age, easy to grow long, late fruit development, late maturity. At the same time, there are more pests and diseases. Therefore, we must grasp the following aspects in cultivation techniques. First, choose the best sowing date. The use of Elisabeth and Netted melons as seeds can generally be planted from late June to early August. It is more appropriate in July. Within this sowing date, it can meet the demand of melon for accumulating temperature. Second, fine seedlings. In general, a small arch nursery is used to sow the soaked seeds with the buds in the nutrient bowl, one for each grain, cover 1.5-2 cm of fine soil after sowing, and pour the seedbed water once. Until the seedling grows to 1 leaf 1 heart to 2 leaf 1 heart when transplanting Dingmiao. In order to nurture strong seedlings, it is necessary to cover the old plastic film and shade nets, clear shade nets, and rain cover membranes on small sheds; when small water is sprayed, the water can not be flooded and the seedlings should be exposed to sunlight as soon as possible. Avoid prolonged growth; spray fertilizers such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Huimanfeng liquid fertilizer before the seedlings are transplanted. Third, soil preparation and fertilization. Before the harvest, it is necessary to prepare the soil in time, and plant the sorghum trunk in double rows, and plant the sorghum trunk in a single row. The double cab is 2 meters wide and the single cab is 1.5 meters wide. Advocate one foot under the fertilizer, per acre applied maturity of organic fertilizer 3000-4000 kg, with multiple application of compound fertilizer 30 kg. To prevent leggy, sitting in front of the melon generally do not chase nitrogen fertilizer, after melon urea catch 15-20 kg, potassium fertilizer 10-20 kg. Fourth, rational colonization. Cover black or silver mulch on the entire sorghum before colonization. The planting density per mu is 1500-1800 strains. Generally used single vine pruning, leaving 1-2 melons per plant, the young melons settled in a timely manner after removal of the top heart, in order to promote fruit enlargement premature. Fifth, Daejeon Management. After planting melon seedlings, as most of the greenhouses are planted in front of the plant, light management, thermoregulation, humidity control, water saving, and fertilizer supplementation are key scientific management operations. One is the use of shading nets for shade in the summer, and the light transmittance is controlled at about 50%. The second is to turn on the thermostats on both sides of the greenhouse to increase the gap between the noon and midnight temperatures. The greater the contrast, the better the quality of the cucumbers. Water-saving and moisture control, generally pouring water during the extension of vines, sitting 2-3 times watering melon period, avoid flooding irrigation; four is a combination of water after sitting melon, against fertilizer application or ditching irrigation facilities. Sixth, early prevention of pests. One is to kill the locusts before moving in large numbers; the second is to focus on preventing viral diseases; and the third is to prevent larvae and blight. Seven, choose to pick melons. In order to improve the quality of melon products, do not rush to pick up immature melons, and collect the melons for 3-5 days until they are ready for market. (Yu Hongzhang, Senior Agronomist, Agriculture Bureau, Xiaogan City)