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Ways to Improve Fertilizer Utilization of Greenhouse Vegetables
Greenhouse vegetables are a high-input and high-output production method in a specific environment. Different fertilization methods not only affect the utilization of fertilizer, but also affect the economic benefits of production. First, the current misunderstanding of fertilizer application 1, organic fertilizer dried manure and chicken manure has become the main basal vegetable production of vegetables in greenhouses, but for the convenience of farmers often use the human feces, chicken dung in the field drying water dehydration into dry. This practice will cause fly maggots to reproduce, nitrogen will volatilize, and fertilizer will lose nitrogen nutrients. 2. Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus as Basic Fertilizers on Alkaline Soil Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus are weakly acidic fertilizers. They are insoluble in water and can only be converted into water-soluble phosphates by the roots of crops under weak acid conditions. However, they can be applied on alkaline soils. The urgent need for phosphorus in crop seedlings causes physiological phosphorus deficiency. 3, superphosphate surface application as topdressing phosphorus mobility in the soil is small, moving in the range of 1-3 cm. Therefore, it is very difficult for the surface treatment to be transmitted to the crop rhizosphere, and therefore it is not possible to supplement phosphorus in the crop. 4. Immediately after urea application, watered urea is an amido ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, which is easily soluble in water. It can be converted into ammonium bicarbonate after it is applied to the soil. It is absorbed and utilized by crops and watered immediately after being applied. It is easy to use urea with water. Loss, reduce fertilizer efficiency. 5, ammonium bicarbonate with water This method often results in more water in the inlet, the crop growth is difficult, difficult to manage, and the afternoon greenhouse temperature, ammonia gas escaped from the soil, smoked the lower crop leaves, causing fertilizer harm. Second, the main methods to improve fertilizer efficiency 1, organic fertilizer piled up for base fertilizer in late July in the sunny place at 4000 kg of human excrement, plus calcium and magnesium phosphorus 100 kg, broken wheat straw (silkworm) 400 kg, after mixing into a cocoon shape , Covered with shabby plastic film or soiled with grass mud for 30 days, ready-made high-quality organic fertilizer for greenhouses as base fertilizer. 2, superphosphate concentrated as base fertilizer in the transplanting line open 8 cm deep ditch, after the removal of phosphate fertilizer cover soil 4-5 cm, and then transplant the crop in shallow trenches, shorten the phosphorus fertilizer and crop root distance to make up for phosphorus movement Sexual weaknesses. 3, early application of urea, deep application and root application according to the crop development stage of fertilizer and water demand, in advance chase, deep application, increase the utilization rate than shallow application 28%. The greenhouse temperature is 7 days in advance at 15-20°C, and the greenhouse temperature is 5 days in advance at 20-25°C. When the topdressing is applied, 8-10 cm ditch is opened. After the withdrawal, the soil is tightly covered and soil can be applied to crops with large row spacing. Deeply. According to greenhouse temperature watering every 5-7 days to allow sufficient time for sufficient ammoniation in the soil for crop absorption and utilization. During the crop growth period, the leaves can be sprayed with 0.3% urea solution once every 7 days, 100 kg per mu, 2-3 times in succession. 4. Ammonium bicarbonate with deep application of ammonium bicarbonate is an ideal quick-acting fertilizer for winter greenhouse vegetable production. Because it is rarely volatilized at a ground temperature of 20°C, it can dissociate into ammonium ions and be absorbed by the soil after it is applied to soil, and then slowly release it for supply. Root absorption of crops, even at soil temperatures of 5°C, can also be converted and absorbed by crops. When composting, it is 10 to 10 cm deep from the roots of the crop, and the ditch can be covered with soil after spreading. The utilization rate can be increased by 10-30%, and the yield can be increased by 10% compared to the shallow application, and the yield can be increased by 7.8% compared with the water application.