Qianxi County is the famous hometown of chestnut in China. In recent years, in order to improve the unreasonable structure of chestnut early, middle and late ripening varieties, chestnut increased production, farmers increased income, chestnut "three different" technology, winter rotation and labor saving The chestnut grafting method has been widely promoted, which is not only conducive to restoring the chestnut tree potential, but also has guiding significance for the chestnut dense planting and low-yield garden reconstruction in the northern mountainous area of ​​Qianxi County. Next, Xiaobian talks about the key points of grafting and chestnut grafting in Qianxi, Hebei Province, and high-yield and high-yield cultivation techniques. 1 Grafting technical points Grafting is divided into three periods: spring, summer, and autumn. According to the statistics, the survival rate of grafting was the highest in mid-August to the beginning of September, and the survival rate was over 90%; the survival rate of grafting in spring was 82%; the survival rate in summer grafting was lower, 79%. Grafting in the autumn, the scion is used with the harvest, the scion is enriched, the climate is cool, and the operation is convenient, which is the best period. The grafting method is preferably a commonly used plug, tongue, splicing and bud. 1.1 Rootstock selection The common chestnut seedlings of 1 to 3 years old are selected as rootstocks, and the rootstocks are required to grow well. 1.2 Scion selection The scion is collected from the fruit trees with strong growth, no pests and diseases, or the specially designated picking stalks. The scions should be selected from thick, no pests, lignified, and shoots with normal buds in the current year. It is best to use them with the harvest. 1.3 Grafting method In the first eight months of September-September, the phloem of the branches is in the state of peeling, which is the best period for subcutaneous and tongue connection. It can germinate 10 days after grafting, and enter the fruiting stage in the second year, without the need to tie the wind-proof pillars. The tip is not topped, and the output is not reduced in the same year. However, in this period, the "banding method" should be used to cover the shade and heat insulation. The specific operation is as follows: a layer of jacket is wrapped with leaves or newspapers at the grafting site to prevent exposure to strong light, evaporation of moisture, and damage to the bud. 2 Integrated management measures after grafting 2.1 Soil and fertilizer management Chestnut has strong adaptability and is not strict with soil conditions, but it grows fast, has early results and good quality under the conditions of thick soil layer and sufficient fertilizer. When planting management, it is necessary to combine the base fertilizer to deepen the soil and expand the tree hole to ensure that the tree layer has a soil layer with a diameter of more than 60 cm. In the second year of germination, flowering, and fruit expansion, the fertilizer was applied three times, that is, 0.5 to 1.0 kg of calcium phosphate was applied before the germination in the spring, and 250 g of the compound fertilizer was applied in the middle and mid-May of May. The plant fertilizer was applied in the middle and late June. 30 kg. At the same time, combined with fertilization, watering for 2 to 3 times in one year, so that the water content of the main root distribution layer of soil moisture from germination to harvesting period of 5 to 40 cm is maintained at 50% to 70%. 2.2 Fine trimming The newly grafted 2~3 year old saplings grow vigorously, and there are more trigeminal branches, four-finger branches and five palm branches. Therefore, after entering the initial fruit stage, the chestnut trees should pay attention to the tree shape and structure culture. Mastered at 90 to 120 per cubic meter, and the resulting mother branches do not cross each other and interspersed. In the growth period, the size, branch distribution and retention of the tree body should be controlled in time by means of germination, sparse and topping. When pruning, we should focus on thinning, retracting and short cutting to achieve early results and improve fruit yield. And the purpose of quality. 2.3 Flower Management When the tree is weak, the storage nutrients are insufficient, and the fertilizer and water conditions are poor, the fruit will appear as "scorpion" and "empty", and the chestnut flowering period is in the dry and dry season, the temperature is low, and the fertilization rate is low. Therefore, a series of targeted pruning and management techniques are adopted. For example, in the summer, buds and toppings are used to update the resulting branches in time, so that some new branches can replace the aging branches. 3 Integrated pest management technology Prevention and control of chestnut rust: continuous spraying of 20% triazolyl emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times liquid for continuous control in July-August; Chestnut powdery mildew, chestnut brown spot disease, chestnut leaf spot control: spray 70% thiophanate-methyl WP, 75% chlorothalonil WP in the early stage of development, alternate spray control; Control of chestnut red spider: The chemical control can be used with 50% sulfur suspension agent 300 times liquid, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and even spray 2 to 3 times.
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