The bud of the thorn dragon bud is edible. It is delicious and sweet, tender and mellow, and has a rich game. It is a famous mountain wild vegetable and is known as the “king of mountain vegetablesâ€. Let's take a look at the whole process of seedling raising of the thorn dragon bud. 1 seed nursery 1.1 Seed Collection Choose excellent plants with five to seven years of growth, strong growth, high yield, good quality and no pests and diseases. From mid-September to early October, when the fruit is purple-black and the seeds are yellow-brown, it is the best time to harvest. 1.2 Seed storage The seeds and the fine river sand are mixed at a ratio of 1:3 to 5 by volume, and the humidity of the planting sand is 60% (the hand is held in a group, and the water is not discharged, and it is better to loosen it by hand). After mixing, select the ground in the outdoor, the drainage is good, and the leeward sun will dig the pit for storage. The depth of the pit is required to be above the groundwater and below the frozen layer. Drain the drainage ditch around. 1.3 seed germination 15 to 20 days before sowing, the stored seeds are taken out, placed in a wooden box or directly stacked in the indoor dry place, thickness 20~25 cm, room temperature is maintained at 18~20 °C, flipping once every 2~3 days During the germination period, the water content of the planting sand is kept between 60% and 65%. When the seed has 50% crack, it can be sown [1-2]. 1.4 Nursery selection and land preparation Choose loam with deep soil, fertile soil, good drainage and irrigation conditions, or sandy loam (not water accumulation) as a nursery. Deep ploughing and land preparation in mid-April, fertilization should comply with the relevant use guidelines, and the farmer's fertilizer should be 30~45 t/hm2. The seedbed should be done 1 week before sowing, and the bottom water should be filled when the soil is dry. The bed surface should be 10~15 cm above the ground and the bed width is 1.2 m. The length can be determined according to the terrain and the ease of operation. The working distance between the beds is 30~40 cm. 1.5 sowing From late April to early May, planting begins when the local temperature reaches 13 °C or the surface temperature of 5 cm deep reaches 10 °C. Seeded into the treated seeds (before mixing sand) 45~60 kg/hm2. Ditch horizontally on the bed, the ditch depth is 3~4 cm, and the row spacing is 15~20 cm. The seed (the mixture ratio of seed and fine sand is 1.0:1.5) is covered with 1~2 cm thick fine soil, slightly compressed, covered with pine needles, straw curtains, etc., or directly covered with 1~2 cm thick wood chips after sowing. 1.6 Field Management After the seedlings are unearthed, remove the coverings such as pine needles. It usually takes 15 to 20 days from sowing to emergence. In the case of dry weather, water is irrigated once every 3 days, so as to infiltrate into the surface of the bed about 20 cm, and the surface has a slight runoff. It is not watered on rainy days to keep the bed surface moist. Both weeding and loosening can be combined. When weeding, we must first make weeding and weeding, and then do a comprehensive weeding, so as not to hurt the seedlings, not to crush the seedlings, not to hurt the roots. After watering, it is necessary to loosen the soil in time to prevent soil compaction. The seedlings should be timely. When the seedlings grow 2~3 pieces of true leaves, the first seedling is carried out, and when the seedlings are 5~6 leaves, the second seedling is carried out, and the seedlings are combined with the seedlings. Water should be poured in time after each seedling. The seedlings should be distributed evenly. If the seedlings are too thin, they can be transplanted and replanted, leaving 60~80 plants/m2 [3-4]. Fertilize twice in the seedling stage, each interval is about 40 days, and the time is in the early June and mid-July, each time 150-225 kg/hm2 of calcium phosphate is applied. The seedling time should be connected with the afforestation, generally in the spring, and the seedlings should be planted before the buds sprout. When starting the seedlings, try to keep the roots intact and the roots intact. Seedling packaging and transportation: bundled according to seedling grades, one bundle per 25 plants. When transporting seedlings, place the roots and pack them with straw, 500~1 000 each. Transportation should be carried out in the morning or in the evening to prevent the wind from drying out. 2 root seedlings 2.1 Root Garden Building Choose a flat nursery with good drainage, deep soil layers, and convenient transportation and working conditions. Deep tillage in the middle of April, combined with the preparation of organic fertilizer (compost) 75~150 t / hm2. The bed is ridged, the bed is 1 m wide and 10 m long, the bed surface is 15~25 cm higher than the ground, and the working space between the beds is 40~50 cm. The thorn dragon bud with excellent selectivity and no pests and diseases is the mother tree, and the root system is used as the root propagation material to build the root garden. The root thickness is 0.4~1.0 cm and the length is 13~15 cm. Two buds are retained on the roots. In the spring, the roots should be collected in the spring when the soil is just frozen. Every 10 bundles are placed in the clean wet river sand and stored in a cool place. In the autumn, the roots are collected, and after the sap stops flowing, before the freezing Carry out, every 10 bundles, placed in clean wet river sand, stored in the cellar. The rooting time is from April to May, and it is appropriate within 1 week after the germination of the buds of the thorns. The rooted plants were planted at a fixed point of 60 cm and a row spacing of 150 cm. The hole is 5 cm deep, 20 cm long and 20 cm wide. Place 1~2 roots at each hole, buds up, cover 4~5 cm, pour water, and cover 1 layer of straw. After the seedlings are unearthed, the coverings such as straw curtains are removed. The method of pouring water is used when watering, and the specific watering amount is determined according to the soil moisture and the growth period of the seedlings. Weeding and loosening should be combined, and the weeding method is the same as above. For the seedlings in the current year, the ground part should be cut before the frost, that is, the ground part should be cut off from the ground 3~5 cm, then the cold protection measures such as covering soil should be taken on the root, and the cold-proof soil should be removed before the spring germination. 2.2 root expansion and breeding Choose a flat nursery with good drainage, deep soil layers, and convenient transportation and working conditions. The method of making the bed is the same as above. Every year from April to May, it is planted within 1 week after the bud sprouting of the bud. Ditching laterally on the seedbed, the ditch depth is 5 cm, the width is 10 cm, and the row spacing is 20~30 cm. The roots were placed horizontally with a spacing of 5 cm, the buds were upward, and the thickness of the soil was 4 to 5 cm, which was watered and covered with straw. After the seedlings are unearthed, the coverings such as straw curtains are removed on a rainy day. After planting, it should be irrigated once a day, and once every 5 days in a dry weather, it should be irrigated once every 5 days. After emergence, the number of waterings is determined according to the drought conditions and the growth period of the seedlings. Weeding should be carried out in addition to early, small, in addition to the principle, combined with loose soil. Fertilization should apply urea 150~300 kg/hm2 in late July, and apply diammonium phosphate 300 kg/hm2 and potassium sulfate 150 kg/hm2 in mid-August [5]. The seedling time and requirements are the same as above, and the seedlings are packaged and transported as above. 3 nutrition nursery 3.1 Nutritional é’µ selection and nutrient soil preparation Choose a nutrition cup with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 12 cm. In the nutrient soil, mountain soil (humus soil) is required: garden soil (not pasted herbicide): rotten pigsty fine feces = 1:1:1. 3.2 Root selection and pruning Choose the roots of the year, the roots are 0.4~1.5 cm thick, and the cutting length is 7~10 cm. 3.3 Management before transplanting After planting, pour enough water to place under the sunshade net frame to avoid direct sunlight. When the soil surface is dry in the nutrition cup, the water is replenished in time. When the leaves begin to stretch after the roots are sprouted, the shade nets are removed and transferred to a sunny place. 3.4 transplanting time When the number of new leaves reaches 3 and above, it can be planted (can be planted before the rainy season). 3.5 Seedling packaging and transportation Nutritional seedlings should be transported in boxes, with about 30 plants per carton. Before packing, it is necessary to pour water through the nutrient bowl to prevent the disintegration caused by the squeeze when packing. Choose to transport in cloudy or morning and evening.
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