Soybeans are rich in amino acids and multivitamins. They are not only nutritious, but also easy to grow. They are the main food crops in China. However, in recent years, soybean pests and diseases have become increasingly serious, which has already affected the yield of soybeans in China. Let’s take a look at the comprehensive prevention and control technology of soybean pests and diseases.

1. Common pests and diseases of soybeans

Soybean cyst nematode, soybeans at all stages of growth have a chance of morbidity, but due to the different stages of soybean, their respective complications will be different. In the soybean or seedling stage, if the disease is infected with soybean cyst nematode, the symptoms will be yellowish cotyledons and prolonged development time. When the soybean is in the adult stage, after the virus is infected, the symptoms are yellow and yellow leaves, and the plants grow slowly. In severe cases, large areas of yellow will appear. Even the petiole will gradually turn yellow, and the flowering period will be delayed. Some leaves will dry out. Soybean root rot, when the disease occurs, there will be dark brown spots on the base of the stem. After severe, the spots will expand and become irregular shapes. When it comes to soybean diseases, the cortex will gradually rot until it dies. Especially in the humid and low temperature environment, the chance of the development of soybean root rot virus will be greatly improved. Therefore, the diseased soybean seeds in this case will have a significantly lower protein content in the body and are extremely susceptible to infection by the bacteria.

Second, the comprehensive control technology of soybean pests and diseases

According to the overall requirements of China's scientific development concept, soybeans should comprehensively prevent and control major pests and diseases during the period of birth, systematically grasp the law of the occurrence and development of soybean pests and diseases, conduct effective prevention and monitoring, and scientifically use various technical means to achieve elimination. The purpose of pests and diseases is to better promote the development of the agricultural economy.

2.1 Physical control technology

For soybean root rot and other viruses, as well as two leaf beetles and other pests present in the soil, one round of crops should be carried out every 3 years, and people are prohibited from carrying heavy crops and squatting on the land, if a certain plot has occurred. For cystecan nematode, at least 5a or longer rotation is required. For example, it can be used in the form of water-and-dry rotation. In areas where large areas of soybean borers have been produced, pay attention to the place where the soybean meal was planted in the previous year. Keep a certain interval, at least 1000m. After harvesting the soybeans, the diseased plant debris of Tianjian should be cleaned up, and the debris should be buried in the ground as soon as possible to accelerate the disappearance of the bacteria. For the pests present in the soil, they can be exposed to the sun by tumbling the ground. Because they cannot withstand the strong sunlight, they will be greatly reduced by the addition of natural enemies, thus reducing the pests to soybeans. The damage and harm will greatly reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in the next year; soybean growers should also strictly test the seeds of soybeans and select varieties with excellent resistance to pests and diseases. In accordance with the actual situation in the region, select appropriate soybean varieties. When planting in the field, attention should be paid to the occurrence of local pests and diseases, and strict prevention should be conducted to see if there are any objects that have not been quarantined to prevent soybean pests and diseases from being brought into agricultural production. More significant economic losses.

2.2 Chemical control technology

Chemical control technology refers to delaying the occurrence of pests and diseases through the use of pharmaceuticals, so that the roots and stems of soybean seedlings are not damaged. In the severely affected areas where soybean root rot occurs, a large dose of wettable powder can be sprayed, but the total amount should not exceed 0.5% of the weight of the seed. For areas with high frequency of soybean cyst nematode, 40% of emulsifiable concentrate can be used. Reasonable seed dressing based on seed weight. For weeds on the land, chemical weeding can also be used to remove diseases and insect sources, and effectively reduce the parasites remaining in the middle. The obvious effects are to reduce the humidity of the overall environment, to ventilate frequently, to ensure adequate sunlight, etc. The method can be used to eliminate weeds after sowing. The soil is evenly sprayed according to a certain proportion. If the weeding does not achieve the desired effect, the stems and leaves can be treated for remediation after the seedlings are inserted.

2.3 Quarantine and control technology

When selecting seedlings, farmers should not arbitrarily facilitate the temporary planting. They should actively cooperate with the local plant inspection department to use quarantine-qualified seedlings in accordance with local actual conditions and corresponding management regulations to fundamentally prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, and should Fully understand the active period of adults, use grape pest control techniques, when spraying the leaves, deep into the stems and branches, in the early poisoning of adult insects, the choice of medicine is also very important, the relevant technical personnel should grasp the ratio, evenly spray, still To deal with different situations and adapt to the situation, if you find the discharge of dung in the inspection of the branches, you can use a syringe to inject a small amount of dichlorvos into the stem to ensure the survival rate of the soybean seedlings. Relevant departments should plan the planting area in a planned manner, do a demonstration test, introduce new pesticides as soon as possible, bring safe and practical technology, gradually expand the use area, and ensure farmers' good soybean planting.

Third, the conclusion

Soybean pests and diseases seriously affect the actual harvest of soybeans in China. Planters need to effectively control and prevent them, which not only can increase production, but also promote the development of agriculture. Based on this, soybean growers should fully understand the occurrence and development of various soybean diseases and insect pests and the disease and disease status, and master the corresponding control technology, and accumulate experience in the production process, so as to effectively protect soybeans and make them healthy. Furthermore, it contributes to the progress of China's agricultural industry.

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