The cultivation of winter melons and vegetables must be done in such a way that the planting cycle is based on the requirements of virtuous cycle and pollution-free. In the selection of fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, regulators and additives, scientific and reasonable choices are made according to the conditions of the time, the weather conditions and the seedlings. Use is the key to avoid abuse of fertilizers and pesticides that should not be used.

One, pepper cultivation techniques

1, sowing time and nursery: sowing time from September to November. The nursery is best to choose a new area or former as a paddy field, do not use the groundnuts, sweet potatoes, eggplants, beans, and melons of the previous crop. Conditional application of plug seedlings to facilitate the cultivation of strong seedlings, nutrient soil using pest-free source fields, with fully cooked pig cow dung residue, carbonized chaff (or grass ash) prepared by 2:1:1, add 5% Green treasure "Fei Li Qi" bio-organic fertilizer, 4 kg treatment line treasure (ie, fluorescent pseudomonas aeruginosa) mixed evenly after repeated application of soil, to be sown. Seedling age control 25-30 days. Cover the seedlings with a small shed to prevent rain damage to the seedlings.

2, Shizujifei: Datian basal fertilizer can be used per million mu of "green fertilizer" bio-organic fertilizer or 5-7 bio-organic fertilizer Le agricultural package. 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms of pig and cow dung, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, 20 kilograms of peanut cake, 10:10 thousand “Luoliqi” bio-organic fertilizers mixed evenly and brewed for 7 to 10 days, ie, fully decomposed and applied. At the same time, under the control of 40 kg of gold land release compound fertilizer, and then cover the soil.

3. Sorghum: Pepper is both afraid of drought and immersed in water. Too much or too little water is not conducive to growth. Most of the province's winter pepper production is the same as the late rice crop rotation. The field is low in land and easy to be immersed. , conducive to drainage, generally in accordance with the distance between 1.3 meters (including the ditch) and the height of 30-40 cm from the high standard.

4. Proper and close planting: According to the plant type, the plant size is suitable for close planting, and about 2000-4000 plants per mu are planted. The plant type is small, compact, and the density should be larger. On the contrary, the density should be relatively small.

5, fertilizer and water management during the growth period: pepper fields to prevent drought or water, to keep the soil moist is appropriate. After 3-7 days after the colonization of pepper, the concentration of 80-100 ml of Japanese Sakura Liquid Fertilizer plus 1 urine bucket of water is balanced with nitrogen and potassium, and one or two roots of each strain are used for raising seedlings, and then the seedlings grow every 5-7 days. Once top dressing, enter the collection period for each 1-2 times with the nitrogen and potassium balance of Japanese Sakura liquid fertilizer 100-150 ml 1 urine bucket water concentration to root. Foliage, leaf back, flower, fruit balanced with nitrogen and potassium Japanese Sakura Liquid Fertilizer 80 ml + Plant Efficient Balanced Nutrient Solution 10 ml + 481? Pack, + Water 30 kg, Sprayed once every 7-10 days (can also be mixed pests medicine). This combination of irrigation roots and foliar fertilizers to maintain the continuous results of pepper, is a key measure to achieve robust, high yield, high quality.

6. Pruning and fruit thinning: Covering the silver black mulch after applying the base fertilizer to protect against cold, fertilize, moisturize, prevent weeds, and prevent aphid damage.

Second, purple long eggplant cultivation techniques

1, sowing time and planting specifications: sowing time from September to November. Seedling transplanting, double line planting, 15-20 grams per acre seed size, planting single plant, planting width (bag ditch) 100 cm, plant spacing 50 cm, double planting, planting width (bag ditch) 180 cm, plant spacing 60 In centimeters, 1000-1200 acres are planted.

2. Fertilizer and water management: Mu requires 1,000 to 1,500 kg of compost pile fertilizer, 60 kg of high-quality cake fertilizer, and 10 to 1 million green treasure "fertilizer" bio-organic fertilizer mixed 7-10 days later, plus gold land controlled-release compound fertilizer 40 Kilograms and Zhijingbao 4 kg (controlling root nematodiasis) were used as basal fertilizers, of which 2/3 of them were applied in conjunction with site preparation, and 1/3 were applied to cover the mulch. Select sunny planting, when planted with 1 urine bucket water + soil Yikang 25 ml, nitrogen and potassium balance of the Japanese Sakura Liquid Fertilizer 50 ml each of the degree of two rinsing root water to promote early-onset fast hair.

Every 7-10 days, with every 1 bucket of water + nitrogen and potassium balanced daily cherry liquid fertilizer 100-150 ml + Yi Tukang concentration of 25 ml, each irrigation roots 3-5 for topdressing.

After transplanting normal growth, combined with pest control and treatment, with nitrogen and potassium balanced daily Sakura liquid fertilizer 100 ml + plant efficient balanced nutrient solution 10 ml + plant enzyme activator 5 ml + water 30 kg concentration every 10 days for foliar , leaves, flowers evenly sprayed.

The water supply gradually increases as the plant grows and develops. In each layer of fruit development before, during and after, it is necessary to grasp the principle of less, more, and less watering. And watering is best combined with dressing.

3, plant adjustment: plant growth more vigorous varieties, to improve the ventilation and light conditions, generally adopt "natural happy pruning method", that is, each branch of the branch to retain the diagonal growth of the fork or horizontal growth of the two symmetrical branches, and the rest The shoots, especially the branches that are vertically upwards, are all removed, and all the lateral buds below the door are removed, and the dense leaves are removed, especially the old leaves.

Three, small fruit type tomato cultivation techniques

1, sowing date and planting specifications: sowing in mid-August to early January. Mu uses 3-4 grams. Single plant per plant, generally 100 cm wide (including ditch), plant spacing of about 50 cm; single plant double line planting, general planting width 180-200 cm (bag ditch), plant spacing of about 50-60 cm, planting 1300 per acre about.

2, soil selection: deep soil, loose soil, drainage and irrigation is better.

3. Seedling: Use 72-100 hole tray seedlings: nutrient soil with coconut cocoon, decomposed farmyard manure, pest free field soil according to 3:2:5 preparation, 250 g 50% carbendazim or 250 g 70 per cubic nutrition soil. % Pentachloronitrotoluene mix and disinfect. The formulated nutrient soil is loaded into the tray for later use.

Seed treatment, first placed in constant temperature water at 55°C, stirred for 15 minutes, then soaked in normal temperature water for 5-6 hours, then soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, removed and washed with water, and wiped dry with a cloth. Under the condition of 25～28°C, germination to more than 70% of seeds can be sown. Sow the depth of 0.5-0.8 cm, cover with a thin layer of nutrient soil, and cover the shade net or straw, and remove 70% of the seedlings in the top soil. Until 4 leaves 1 heart is colonized.

4, field management: Shizujifei, Mu million green treasure "Fei Liqi" bio-organic fertilizer or Le agricultural bio-organic fertilizer 8-10 package, gold earth controlled-release compound fertilizer 50 kg, Zhi-line Po 4-5 kg. Or Mushi high-quality organic fertilizer 1500-2000 kg, high-quality cake fat 30-40 kg, high-quality phosphate 30-40 kg, for 10:1 Wanlvbao "FeiLi odd" bio-organic fertilizer mixed evenly 7-10 days, the After fully decomposed and fermented, add 40 kg of controlled-release compound fertilizer to Jin Land and administer 4–5 kg of Zhibaobao, of which 2/3 of them are applied in combination with site preparation and 1/3 are used for furrow application. Covering the film.

In combination with pest control, using nitrogen and potassium to balance the Japanese cherry 20-60 ml (seedlings with a small concentration, gradually increase) + plant efficient balancing nutrient solution 10-20 ml + plant enzyme activator 5 ml + water 30 kg, each After 7 days of spraying, after the flowering results, spraying 1/3 of the “agricultural time” cytokinin can be added on the basis of the original spraying to promote flowering.

Plant adjustments. The bracket adopts a "figure" type fence frame or a herringbone frame and is tied in time. Pruning principle to prevent overcrowding, conducive to ventilation and light, improve photosynthetic efficiency, the general method of pruning there are three: two-pole pruning, three-half pruning, two-and-two-half pruning, it is recommended to use two bar two and a half pruning method.

Infinite growth type controls fertilizer and water properly to prevent plant growth and fruit loss. Half-stop type should be sufficient fertilizer to produce high yield.

Fourth, bean cultivation techniques

1. Seeding period and planting specifications: From the sowing date from October to January of next year, the seeds of beans with seeds of 1000-1500 grams, planting specifications, width 140-160 cm, double row planting, plant spacing 25-30 cm, 3000 acres per plant about. The amount of kidney beans used is 2000-2,500 grams, and the planting size is 140-160 centimeters wide. The double rows are planted, the plant spacing is 15-20 centimeters, and about 4000 plants are planted in acres.

2, the choice of land: deep soil, fertile, soft, irrigation, drainage is better.

3, field management

Apply basal fertilizer, mu 10,000 lbs of “Fei Li Qi” bio-organic fertilizer or Le-Nong bio-organic fertilizer 5-6 bags, gold earth high-potassium controlled-release compound fertilizer 20 kg, and control line 4 kg mix as basic fertilizer; or 100-500 kg of fully-fertilized organic fertilizer is mixed with 10:1 Wanlvbao “Fulichi” bio-organic fertilizer for about 10 days, and then 20 kg of high-potassium gold controlled release compound fertilizer is added to the ground. Distribute 2/3 of the base fertilizer first, and mix it with the soil. After the remaining 1/3 is lifted, apply a ditch. After sowing, combined with pest control, when the seedlings are placed 30-40 centimeters, 20-60 ml of Japanese cherry blossoms are balanced with nitrogen and potassium (small concentration of seedlings, gradually increasing) + 10 ml of plant-efficient balanced nutrient solution + 5 liters of plant enzyme activator. +30 pounds of water sprayed once every 7 days, plus 481 sprays per month. Take the word rack in a timely manner to guide the vines, and properly spread the vines. The bean pods should be slightly taller.

Five, bitter gourd cultivation techniques

1. Soil selection: The soil with fertile soil, loose sandy or clay loam, and easy irrigation and drainage are the main sites.

2. Sowing date and planting specifications: From September in the southern region to February in the following year, from November in the other regions to February in the following year, the amount of mu is about 200 grams, and about 400-600 mu are planted.

3, field management: Shizujifei, Mu with million green treasure "Fatiliqi" bio-organic fertilizer or Le agricultural bio-organic fertilizer 10 bags, gold earth high-potash controlled-release compound fertilizer 40 kg, Zhi-line Bao 4 kg as the base fertilizer. Or farmer fertilizer per mu 1500-2000 kg plus 50 kg of cake fertilizer, 10:1 Wanlvbao “Fatiliqi” bio-organic fertilizer mixing stacking, about 10 days later, adding 40 million kg of controlled release compound fertilizer, governance line Po 4 kilograms of mixed applicator or ditch applied as base fertilizer. Top dressing is usually applied when pumping vines, flowers, and fruits. The first time dressing is about 7 days after planting. Apply 10% of the concentration of compost to each urine bucket + nitrogen and potassium balanced daily cherry 100 ml + Yi Tukang 25 ml Irrigation department, applied once every 5-7 days, the concentration gradually increased.

Combined with pest control and treatment, use 50 kg of nitrogen and potassium to balance the Japanese cherry (small concentration of seedlings, gradually increase) + 10 ml of plant balanced nutrient solution + plant enzyme activator 5 rose + 481? pack + water 30 kg , (spray once every 7 days), if according to the above basal fertilizer, the dosage, time, and type of top dressing are not to be discounted, nutrition is sufficient for the whole growth cycle, and no chemical fertilizer is needed. Another bitter gourd hi damp, we should mainly moist.

Shelving scaffolds in a timely manner, timely introduction of vine pruning, bitter gourd branches strong, dense planting or overgrowth should be promptly whole vines, in order to facilitate the ventilation and ventilation seat melon normal.

At 10:00 a.m. on sunny days, artificial pollination is performed to increase the rate of colonization.

Six, melon cultivation techniques

1. Seedling raising: The sowing time for exporting to North China is from November to January of the next year, and the southern region can be appropriately advanced. Seed soaked seed germination, live or seedling transplanting.

2. Selection of sites and site preparation: It is best to choose pre-planting plants that are not melon crops and have good drainage. It is better to go north and south. Cover the surface of the film.

3, transplanting seedlings and colonization: When the melon seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves can be transplanted, planting specifications for the flat scaffolding cultivation, the width of about 3.5 meters (bag ditch), double row plant, plant spacing 0.7-0.8 meters About 500 acres, about 600 stents can be planted.

4. Management: The winter melon needs a large amount of fertilizer and should be applied to the base fertilizer. The mu will be used for the Wanlvbao "FeiLiQi" biological organic fertilizer or the Leung biological organic fertilizer. The gold earth will release the 60-80kg compound fertilizer and the Zhixianbao 4kg. Mix as a base, or Mushi rotted organic fertilizer 1500-2000 kg, 30 kg of peanut bran, 10:1 million green treasure "Fatiliqi" bio-organic fertilizer mix 7-10 days after maturity, plus gold land 80 kg of controlled-release compound fertilizer and 4 kg of Zhibaobao are mixed as base fertilizer. After planting, every 7-10 days, 10% per barrel of feces or potassium nitrogen and potassium balanced daily cherry 100 ml + Yi Tukang liquid fertilizer 25 ml concentration, each plant 2 two for promoting seedling fertilizer, after every 5-7 Apply once a day.

Foliage, flowers and melon are combined to prevent and treat diseases and pests need to balance the use of nitrogen and potassium at the same time the baby 50-100 ml + plant efficient balancing nutrient solution 10-20 ml (small seedling concentration, gradually increase) + plant enzyme activator 5 rise + 481 packs of water + 30 catties, spraying once every 5-7 days. According to the basal fertilizer mentioned above, if the top dressing is not compromised, it will suffice that the whole growth cycle needs nutrition, and no other chemical fertilizers are required.

The melon fertilization should be applied thinly, before light and heavy, with a reasonable mix of NPK, melon vines after the shelf, the need for increasing water, pay attention to frequent watering, keep the soil moist, should pay attention to drainage during rain, to prevent accumulation of water .

5, the whole vines pressure vines: the main vines nectar, should be timely removal of side vines, all the side vines in the fruit before removal. Before the shelves, the main vines circled within the spacing of the plants, ran every 3-4 knots once, and pressed vines for 3-4 times, promoting the formation of adventitious roots, and introducing the vines to the shelves around the 16-18 festival. When the winter melon grows to 3-4 kg, the cucurbit handle is caught with hemp rope, and it is tied on the horizontal frame of the skeleton, and it is topping around 15 knots. In the southern part of our province, it is also possible to cultivate in the winter with little rain and drought.

6, stay melon: generally in the 25-32 section, the main vines 3-4 female flowers to stay melon is the most ideal. When the bad weather is encountered in the squashing period, artificial pollination should be conducted in the early morning to increase the rate of seated cucumbers. The selected larvae should be cylindrical, with upper and lower size generally, shoulders wide and flat, top round and pure, body covered and smooth. After selecting the good melon, the remaining baby should be removed promptly.

Seventh, the main points of cucumber cultivation techniques

1. Sowing date and specifications: The northbound or export markets of Hong Kong and Macau should be sown in November of each year - January of the following year. The southern region can adapt to the advance, live broadcast or transplanting seedlings. The amount of seed used per acre is 150 grams, double-row planting, and about 1500-2000 acres planted, with a spacing of about 0.450.95 cm.

2. Selection of land: The development of rhizomes should be based on the soil with deep and loose soil, water conservation, strong fertility, good drainage and irrigation, and rich organic matter.

3. Seedlings: Choose fertile garden soil for sifting, compost cow cow dung residue, Wanlvbao “FeiLiQi” organic biological fertilizer, shell sand or coconut hull by the ratio of 5:1:2, plus treatment line. Bao (1:100 for fertilizer) is mixed into nutrient soil and filled into a 54-well seedling tray. Squeeze flat and press it slightly. Drench it with water. Soak it for 6-8 hours, wash it, and use cloth to germinate until it is white. Seeds are sown in the seedling tray. When the temperature is lower than 15°C, they are covered with plastic film to prevent cold. The seedling age is 20-25 days, and attention is paid to the adjustment of water and fertilizer.

4, fertilization: before planting Shizu base fertilizer, Mu with million green treasure "fertilizer odd" bio-organic fertilizer or Le farm bio-organic fertilizer 6-10 package, gold earth controlled-release fertilizer 40 kg, governance line 4 kg mixed for the base fertilizer Or mu Shi farmyard manure 1000-1500 kilograms, 50 kg of bean cake, 10:1 million green treasure "fatliqi" bio-organic fertilizer mix 7-10 days, plus gold ground controlled release compound fertilizer 40 kg, rule Line 4 kg blended as base fertilizer. Apply basal fertilizer to cover the mulch. At the same time combined with pest control, using N and K balance 50-100 ml of Japanese Sakura + plant efficient balancing nutrient solution 10-20 ml (small concentration of seedlings, gradually increase) + plant enzyme activator 5 ml +481? Pack + water 30 kg, Spray once every 5-7 days. Top dressing with nitrogen and potassium balanced daily cherry 100-150 ml + water 1 barrel, every 5-7 days Irrigation once, at the same time depending on the development of reasonable irrigation.

5, scaffolding and whole vines: after the vines to be timely scaffolding, scaffolding method according to local habits, timely introduction of vines, tied vines, every 2-3 days for 1 time, the entire vine in the results before the timely removal of all side vines, To ensure the main vine results, after the election to stay in the middle part of the plant side vines, increase the late results to increase production.

Eight, pumpkin cultivation techniques

1, sowing and nursery: sowing time is from 8 to 12 months, 100 grams per mu. After sowing the seeds before sowing, the seeds were first soaked in warm water at 55°C, and continuously turned to cool, and soaked in fresh water for 4 hours before germination.

2. Site preparation basal fertilizer: Choose a land with good conditions for irrigation and drainage, and plow the land for ploughing in advance to make the land fine and level. Mu Shi fermented farmyard fertilizer 1000 kg, mixed with 10:1 Wanlvbao "Fei Liqi" biological organic fertilizer + gold earth controlled-release compound fertilizer 50 kg + control line treasure 4 kg mixed as the base fertilizer. Or with Wanlvbao “Fuliqi” or Leong Bio-organic Fertilizer 5-6 pack, Jin Dadi controlled release compound fertilizer 40 kg, Zhixianbao 4 kg blended as basal fertilizer, covered with plastic film after application.

3. Colonization: When the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, they must be planted. General spacing is about 50 cm, spacing 2.5-3.0 meters, acres planted 400-500 strains. The dense pumpkin fruit is relatively large, about 400 acres per plant is appropriate.

4, pruning and seat melon: 7-10 days after planting, the main vine leaves 4-5 pieces of true leaves when picked together, after 15 days or so, leave 2-3 pieces of vines per plant, remove the remaining vines and Sun Man, generally Maintain a vine spacing of 25-30 cm and remove all old leafy leaves later. Generally in the 15-25 seat melon, the first melon is appropriate to the first 2-3 female flowers, seated melon section is low, easy to produce deformed melon and small melons. Keep 3-4 good melons per plant. Take topping in the 30th or so. Artificial pollination is generally performed. Pollination should be conducted around 8:00 a.m. in the morning.

5, post-plant fertilizer and water management: due to the development of pumpkin roots, suction fertility, after planting 2-3 tablets really leaves, in time with a urine bucket 10% concentration of manure or water plus nitrogen and potassium balanced cherry 100-150 ml + Yi Tukang 25 ml, irrigated once every 7 days for 3-4 consecutive times.

While combining pest control and treatment on the leaf surface, use NPK to balance 100 ml of Japanese Sakura + plant efficient balancing solution 10-20 ml + plant enzyme activator 5 ml + 481? Pack + water 30 kg, spray every 7-10 days Shi once. Avoid flooding when watering and stop irrigation about 15 days before harvest.

6. Harvesting: The tender fruit harvest is suitable for 10-15 days after flowering, and the old mature fruit is harvested at about 40 days of flowering.

Nine, loofah cultivation techniques

1. Sowing date and specifications: Sowing period from September to January next year, the amount of ribs and loofah acres used is 200-300 grams, 1800-1900 acres of planting colonization, double row plant, pod width 230 cm (even ditch), spacing between plants About 30 centimeters.

2. Seedling raising: Use topsoil that hasn't been planted with melon and bean vegetables, and use million-ton bioorganic fertilizer (by 9:1) to prepare uniform nutrient soil. Use 54-hole seedling tray to raise seedlings. In seedlings length 2-3 Transplant when true leaf.

3, basal: Mushi fermented organic fertilizer 1000 kilograms, mixed with 10:1 Wanlvbao "Fatiliqi" biological fertilizer, gold earth controlled release compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, governance line treasure 4 kilograms are basic fertilizer, Shi After the cover from the clay, covering the film.

4, other management: scaffolding with flat scaffolding better. The melon period timely chase melon fertilizer, each collection of 1 batch of melon topdressing NPK balance cherry 100-150 ml + Yi Tukang 25 ml + 1 urine bucket of fecal water or water mixed application. When the leaves are to be combined with pest control, every 5-7 days, the Japanese and Japanese cabbages are balanced with 50-100 ml of nitrogen and potassium, and the plant-efficient balanced nutrient solution is 10-20 ml and the plant balance activator is 5 ml + 481? Spraying. It is not necessary to top-up chemical fertilizers, but irrigation should be done in time, and the amount of water should be suitable to keep melons wet.

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