Sauce wine, sauce-flavor liquor, also known as Maoxiang, is one of the flavors of Chinese liquor. Thanks to the unique brewing environment, using traditional techniques, long-term storage, scientific blending, and carefully brewed, sorghum is an important raw material for brewing soy sauce. Let's take a look at the organic cultivation technology of sorghum for soy sauce. 1 variety selection The main varieties used are the conventional varieties of red scorpion and scorpion No. 8. 2 timely broadcast early Early broadcast in time can avoid the effects of drought, generally require planting in mid-March, and planting ends before the end of March. The low area should be in early March, and the semi-alpine area should be in the middle and late March. 3 nursery 3.1 Seedbed selection The seedbed should be selected from sandy loam with convenient water source, leeward sun, fertile soil and no chemical pollution. 3.2 Ways of raising seedlings At present, there are four main methods of raising seedlings, namely floating seedlings, box seedlings, fertilizer ball seedlings and seeding seedlings. 3.2.1 Floating seedlings There are usually two ways, one is the small arch shed floating seedlings, and the other is the greenhouse planting floating seedlings. The seeds are sown in a foam tray containing the material of the seedling or the soil required for seedlings, and floated on the surface of the standard tank water containing the nutrient solution to provide the light, temperature and oxygen required for the development of the high seedlings under artificial control conditions. Fertilizers, etc., allow seedlings to develop in the floating hole, and can take nutrients from the base material and the standard tank. Compared with the previous sowing, fattening and boxing methods, this kind of seedling cultivation method has the advantages of saving land, facilitating control of seedling stage, helping to cultivate disease-free seedlings, increasing the probability of seedling formation, and omitting the process of transplanting seedlings. Floating seedlings are planted well, the roots are prosperous, the uniformity is excellent, there is no slow seedling time, and the occurrence of field diseases can be greatly avoided. 3.2.2 Box seedlings The nutrient soil that has been piled up and fermented is laid flat on the flat soil, and the appropriate dehumidification water is added to adjust the humidity and mix well. The humidity is slightly larger, flattened and compacted, and the thickness is about 0.3-0.6 cm. The nutrient soil is divided into a knife. A square of 0.3 cm × 0.3 cm, with 2 to 3 seeds per square seed. Then sprinkle a thin layer of fine soil on the surface of the cube until the seed is not visible. 3.2.3 Shooting seedlings The humidity of the nutrient soil is suitable for forming a group and spreading it slightly. It is made into a pellet with a diameter of about 5 cm, and a small shallow hole is played in the middle to play 2 to 3 processed seeds. 3.2.4 Spreading seedlings Spreading seedlings is the main way to grow sorghum, which is simple and easy to save and labor. The specific steps are to fertilize the seedbed nutrient soil of fertilization (wet and mix with 1 000 kg of fertilizer soil and 500 kg of high-quality farmyard manure and appropriate amount of pig manure water per 667 m2), and open the ditch to make the car, the width of the car is 133.3 cm. The length of the seedbed plot is actually appropriate. Then, the seeds are evenly spread on the surface of the car according to the seeding amount, and the soil is as thin as possible. The appropriate amount of decomposed manure water is poured, and the thickness of the cover is 0.5 cm. The planting area can be planted in stages. 3.3 Area of ​​seedbed The ratio of the seedling seedling bed to the field was 1:30, and the 667 m2 field seedbed was 1.3 m×16.7 m. The squares and feces are sown 2 to 3 seeds per sorghum seed, 4 000 to 5 000 nests/667 m2, and the seedbed is 1.3 m × 8.3 m, 2 pieces. 3.4 Seedbed Management After sowing, the shed is covered with a film, and the vertical height of the arch shed is not less than 50 cm. After emergence, if there is high temperature during the daytime, it is necessary to unwind the film at the appropriate time to prevent the high temperature from burning. After 17:00, the membrane should be kept in strict condition. In case of cold weather, the membrane must be tightly sealed to prevent the seedling from being frozen. . It is necessary to check the seedbed and find that the seedbed is white, and it is necessary to replenish water in time to promote the healthy growth of sorghum. 3.5 Timely uniform seedlings Two seedlings were left in each square and feces. Before transplanting, according to the climate, the film is peeled off according to the time, and after 2.5 leaves, the right amount of light manure is used to topdress and the "enemy kill" is used to control underground pests. 3.6 Sowing time All the planting ends from March 15th to March 25th. 3.7 Seeding rate Seeding 500 g sorghum seeds per 1.3 m × 16.7 m seedbed. The squares and feces are sown 2 to 3 sorghum seeds per litter. 4 Daejeon transplanting 4.1 Transplanting time The seedling age is about 30 days. When the seedling grows to four leaves, the seedlings can be transplanted. The square and fecal seedlings should be transplanted at the time of four or five leaves. The seedlings should be transplanted at the time of five or six leaves. When the seedlings are raised, the roots are prevented from being damaged, and the diseased seedlings, weak seedlings, mixed seedlings, large seedlings, and dominant seedlings are removed, and transplanted with medium seedlings and soil. 4.2 Transplanting density The sloping land is planted with 10,000 plants (5 000 nests) per 667 m2, and 8 000 plants (4 000 nests) per 667 m2 are planted on the flat land. The zoning is planted at 7,000 to 8,000 plants per 667 m2 (3 500 ~) 4 000 nests). 4.3 Transplanting specifications are divided into net operations and intercropping Sorghum is a four-carbon crop that requires particularly high light conditions. For optimum yield, ventilation and light transmission must be ensured at high density. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the cultivation of the soil and the cultivation of the membrane. If the paddy field is replanted to sorghum, it is necessary to comb the four ditch. Net slope: sorghum plant spacing 23 cm × (43 + 73) cm, 2 litters per litter. Net leveling: sorghum plant spacing is 27 cm × (43 + 73) cm. The zoning rotation: 166 cm open compartment (green manure - sorghum - red sorghum) transplanted. In the autumn of the previous year, the land was opened at 166 cm, and 66 cm of 4 rows of wheat were used in the compartment. After harvesting, 2 rows of red crickets were inserted. 100 cm with green manure, green manure after transplanting 2 rows of sorghum, line spacing 83 cm, nest distance 20 ~ 27 cm, 2 plants per nest. 5 standardized fertilization 5.1 Fertilization guidelines The basic principle is to pay attention to the principle of applying base fertilizer, early application of seedling fertilizer, stable application of panicle fertilizer, and skillful application of granular fertilizer. 5.2 Fertilization varieties Sorghum development draws a large amount of potassium, nitrogen and trace elements from the soil, especially for potassium. In accordance with the regulations on the strict application of chemical synthetic fertilizers by organic sorghum, the application of fertilizers is mainly focused on the application of high-quality and high-quality fertilizers (including heap of compost, faecal water, human and animal waste, biogas residue and beef ring fertilizer) and straw. Field organic fertilizer, planting green manure, etc., combined with the application of bio-fertilizers through relevant quality certification, fully meet the needs of sorghum development for various nutrients. 5.3 Fertilization period 5.3.1 Fertilization during seedbed period Before sowing in the sorghum seedbed, the fermented soil is prepared by stacking the fermented soil with the appropriate amount of organic fertilizer. After waiting for the sorghum seedlings to be unearthed, the appropriate amount of decomposed high-quality biogas slurry or clear manure water is used to ensure the second bed. The moisture of the ground, the high seedlings are strong and vigorous. 5.3.2 Fertilization in the field 5.3.2.1 Base fertilizer The base fertilizer is a solid organic fertilizer (quality certified biological fertilizer, beef ring fertilizer, straw, heap of fertilizer, biogas residue, planting green manure), combined with land preparation before transplanting into the soil sorghum transplant socket, planting green manure and straw The tumbling into the soil must be carried out 7 to 10 days before the sorghum transplant. There are many ways to return the straw to the field, such as returning the field, turning over the field, returning the field directly, and returning the field to the field. The green manure is overturned during the full bloom period, and the depth of the burial is about 15 cm. The base fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer (human and animal excrement, clear manure, and biogas). When transplanted, it is applied to the soil near the rhizosphere and covered with soil for fixed root water. Apply more than 1,500 kg of high-quality farmyard manure or 50 to 80 kg of certified bio-organic fertilizer per 667 m2. For non-organic sorghum production, 50 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer per 667 m2. 5.3.2.2 Applying seedling fertilizer After the sorghum is transplanted and survived, it is combined with the investigation of seedlings to fill the gaps and cultivating the soil. The time is 15 to 20 days after transplanting, mainly applying clear manure water and biogas slurry. The seedling fertilizer is applied with high quality farmyard manure (clear water and biogas slurry) of 6,000 kg per 667 m2. 5.3.2.3 Panicle fertilizer In the sorghum jointing and booting stage, combined with cultivating and weeding, the soil is applied. It can be used to remove manure, biogas, or certified bio-organic fertilizer. Apply 750 kg of high-quality farmyard manure or 10-20 kg of certified bio-organic fertilizer per 667 m2. Non-organic sorghum is produced, and 5 to 10 kg of high-quality compound fertilizer is applied as panicle fertilizer per 667 m2. 6 pest control 6.1 Principles of Prevention Generally, sorghum diseases include rust, sheath blight, smut, purple spot, etc., and insect pests generally include corn borer, aphids, tigers, and armyworms. The prevention and control guidelines are based on agricultural prevention. The overall use of biological prevention and physical prevention measures, supplemented by chemical prevention methods, creates an environment conducive to the survival of pests and diseases and contributes to the survival of various natural enemies, promotes biodiversity diversification, and maintains ecological balance. The damage caused by pests and diseases is minimized, and the goal of achieving high safety, high efficiency, high yield and low consumption is guaranteed. 6.2 Control measures 6.2.1 Agricultural control For diseases with high incidence of sorghum rust, sheath blight, and smut, most of them are prevented and treated by the following measures: First, do seed treatment, dry for two or three days before sowing, and choose to remove false seeds. Soaking and disinfecting with 1% quicklime aqueous solution for 8 to 10 hours, then washing and sowing with clear water; secondly, sowing seedlings at the right time, when planting, it can be properly planted, cultivate strong seedlings, improve seedling literacy; scientifically planted when transplanted, Improve the level of sorghum seedlings to resist pests and diseases; thirdly, use the zoning rotation technique to carry out mixed planting of multiple species to create a small environment that is not suitable for pests and diseases, and reduce the level of pests and diseases. 6.2.2 Physical control For the control of pests, the characteristics of pests and diseases can be used. The willows and sweet and sour liquids are used to kill the pests and diseases, the yellow mites are used to kill the aphids, and the frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps are installed to kill the moths and the noctuidae. Using syrup to kill the tiger, in the adult emergence period, 1 kg of brown sugar, 2 kg of vinegar, 2 kg of water and a small amount of 3911, mix well to make sweet and sour liquid, put it into the field, and entice the sick and worm to eat and die. The control of corn mash can be mixed with 1 kg of green worm powder and 200 kg of fine soil per 667 m2 and then sprinkled into the heart.
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