In the production process of cucumbers in solar greenhouses in winter, the phenomenon of jujube melons often occurs in poor management. Finding the causes and solving the symptoms are one of the important ways to increase the cucumber yield.

First, the cause of melon

1. Insufficient light. Although cucumbers are more resistant to low light in melon vegetables, the content of dry matter in cucumber leaves is greatly affected by light. If encountering continuous shade weather, the photosynthesis intensity of plants will be greatly reduced. This period is in the period of fruit enlargement, when the nutrient of the plant itself is insufficient, and the nutrient that can be transferred to the fruit is even less, and the supply of nutrients to the fruit will be insufficient and the melon will be reduced.

2. Improper water management. In winter cucumber production, water management is very important. If the water promotes irrational control, it can easily cause melon. When the soil is dry and the water is too little, that is, if the water content is less than 20%, the plants can only sustain their lives and have no ability to grow melons, resulting in melons. When there is too much water in the soil, the stems and leaves grow fast, and the melon strips grow slowly. The nutrients concentrate mainly on the stems and leaves. The melon strips do not have sufficient nutrients and the growth is limited. At the same time, due to the large soil moisture content, the humidity in the greenhouse increases. When the air humidity is more than 90%, the plants easily get sick and cause melons.

3. Fertility growth is excessive. When reproductive growth is excessive, due to the excessive number of female flowers, the melons are too dense, resulting in overburdened melons and insufficient supply of nutrients, resulting in the emergence of melons.

4. Fertilization is not scientific. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, plant density is too large, soil moisture is sufficient, it is easy to cause excessive growth of nutrients, plants lengthy, thereby inhibiting the reproductive growth, the nutrients needed for the growth of melon strips can not be satisfied and melon. In addition, when potassium is insufficient, transportation of nutrients can be hindered, and the growth of the leaves is poor, so that the melon strips are not supplied with nutrients.

5. The temperature regulation is irrational. Excessively high temperatures and low temperatures can cause melons to grow. If the daytime temperature is kept above 35°C for a long time, the nutrients produced by photosynthetic plants and the nutrients consumed by respiration reach a balance, so that nutrients cannot be accumulated. At night temperatures higher than 18°C, respiration is enhanced and nutrients are consumed excessively. The melon strips are lost because they are not supplemented with nutrients. In addition, when it comes to cloudy days, if the indoor temperature is lower than 10°C during the day, the plants are not physiologically regulated, grow slowly, or even stop developing. At this time, the plants cannot bloom and fruit, even if the closed melons are unable to provide the required Nutrients are lost.

6. Picking melons is not timely. The melon strips are not harvested in time, affecting the balanced transport of nutrients to young larvae.

7. The disease caused melons. Cucumber downy mildew, gray mold, and anthrax are important factors that cause puppies. Botrytis cinerea and anthracnose can directly invade leaves and melon strips. After illness, the melon strips will not only affect photosynthesis, but also the melon strips will be directly destroyed. Although downy mildew does not directly infect the fruit, damage to leaves can directly affect photosynthesis and indirect damage to melon strips.

Second, countermeasures

1. Increase the amount of light. Clear sunny days as early as possible on sunny days, and often clean the membrane surface in order to increase the light transmittance. Even when there is no light, there is still scattered light, and the use of scattered light is more important. As long as the air temperature in the straw curtain room is not significantly reduced, it must be opened to make cucumbers visible. In addition, hanging light curtains and supplementing light with lights can all have a significant effect on reducing the amount of melons.

2 timely watering. Planting water must be filled with water. Normally, no watering is required until the roots are sat. When the root melon grows to about 10 centimeters, water it in time, then look at the weather and soil conditions, and pour water every 7 to 10 days. The watering time should be selected in the sunny morning. Note that each watering should be thoroughly poured and poured so as to meet the normal demand for water.

3. Coordinate good relations. The timely removal of malformed melons and the removal of melons, the strengthening of water and fertilizer pipes, the increase of carbon dioxide, and the ability to increase photosynthesis, to achieve a balance of vegetative and reproductive growth.

4. Scientific fertilization. In the production, soil testing, formulation and scientific fertilization methods should be adopted to improve soil structure and increase organic matter. Before the planting, 5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was applied per acre as a basal fertilizer, half of which was applied and half was applied to the planting trench. At the same time as organic fertilizer application, 50% of nitrogen fertilizer, 90% of phosphate fertilizer, and 80% of potassium fertilizer are also applied as base fertilizer. The remaining part of fertilizer is applied in the harvesting period of cucumber and is applied 4 to 5 times with watering.

5. Reasonably regulate the temperature. During normal birth period, temperature management is implemented. During the daytime, when the temperature exceeds 30°C, the wind is released. In the afternoon, when the temperature falls below 25°C, the wind is closed. The temperature is maintained at 13°C to 15°C in the middle of the night and 12°C to 13°C in the middle of the night. Maintained at 8 °C ~ 10 °C, such temperature management can make the photosynthetic products formed during the day effectively used for cucumber fertility, so that vegetative growth and reproductive growth balance, improve resistance, reduce melon.

6. Harvest in time. To remove the root melon as soon as possible and timely harvest the melon that reaches the maturity of the commodity, in order to reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption.

7. Comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases. In prevention and control, we must adhere to the principle of prevention and comprehensive prevention and control. Strengthen management and create environmental conditions that are conducive to the growth of cucumbers, which are not conducive to the occurrence of diseases. Once the disease develops, they should be discovered as soon as possible, and the drugs should be used for prevention and treatment in a timely manner.

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