Bao? belongs to the genus Polygonidae, and is barbed by genus. It is a river fish and it is mainly distributed in various river systems south of the Yangtze River. As early as the 1980s, based on the biological characteristics of the fish, fish scientists proposed the development of breeding the fish. Since 1988, the Fisheries Research Institute of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province has conducted research on the development of the fish based on the investigation of fish resources in the Beijiang River. After the experiment, the fish has many good characters such as fast growth, miscellaneous food, cold resistance, and strong disease resistance, and has a good development prospect. After several years of hard work, artificial breeding succeeded in light barrage in 1991, and the artificial breeding technology has gradually matured, laying the foundation for the promotion and breeding of the fish. Since 1996, due to the decline in the prices of traditional cultured species and the low profitability of breeding, in this market situation, the breeding of light barbed vines is rapidly heating up, and the supporting of breeding techniques is urgently needed to promote the promotion of the fish in a healthy, effective and sustainable manner. , improve the economic benefits of breeding. First, light barb? The general biological characteristics of light barbs: the front of the body is cylindrical, the back side of the flat, medium-sized eye, eyelid upper edge with a golden yellow fluorescence, the lower Ya Ya, the upper jaw and the mouth must be a Yes, light barbs, large scales, sideline scales 22-27, a dorsal forward barb in front of the dorsal fin, and dorsal fins with unbranched fins, which are light barbs and other barbs the difference. Second, fry cultivation Third, the large-scale species cultivation Super Absorbent Bath Mat,Bath Mat,Diatomite Health Hot Bath Mat,Non Slip Bath Mat Dongguan Vanilla Bioengineering Co., Ltd. , https://www.healthecigarette.de
The light barb is distributed in rivers in the south of China. It is inhabited by fresh water. It is sexually active, has fast swimming speeds, has strong ability to catch food, and has a mixed diet. Plant seeds, young leaves, wheat husks, flowers, and granules Feed can feed, especially eat a variety of bugs; strong resistance to cold and disease. Light barbs, strong resistance, in the artificial reproduction of the more serious injuries of the broodstock after soaking in potassium permanganate for 10 days to 1 month after breeding can still be restored as usual. Feeding water temperature range of 10 °C to 35 °C, can naturally winter. Light barbs: The breeding season is May-September, which lasts for a long period of time, and the amount of egg-laying is small. Generally, the 3-5-year-old broodstock has an absolute amount of between 1-30.000 eggs, and the amount of eggs laid is 1000- Between 5000 capsules/time. Breeding water temperature around 25 °C.
1. Cultivation pond The cultivation pond is generally cement floor, with an area of ​​20-100 square meters and a depth of 1.2-1.5m. It is convenient for drainage and irrigation, and a fence is set at the inlet and outlet to prevent the entry of predator organisms into the pool. The fish ponds are disinfected with clear lime and strong chlorine and other drugs to kill pathogenic bacteria and harmful organisms. The amount of quicklime is 200kg/1000m2, and the amount of strong chlorine is 2000g/667m2. Add basal fertilizer 1-2 days after disinfection and add water to facilitate the growth of bait organisms.
2. About 1 day after hatching, fry stocking fry are usually 10mm long and have been able to ingest copepods and cladocerans. At this point, the fry pool cultivation was started. Before stocking, several fry were used to test the water for 24 hours, and the situation was normal before stocking. The initial pool water depth starts from 0.8m, and is gradually deepened with microfluidic water. The stocking density is 50-100/m2. If the transport distance is short, plastic buckets can be used to transport water. If the transport distance is long, plastic bags are used. Oxygenation transport, each bag 8000-10000, note that the temperature difference when stocking can not exceed 2 °C.
3. Feeding and water quality control Feeding is done more than three times per day. The plankton and egg yolk are mainly fed for the first 5 days. The leeches, powdered mash and peanut bran are fed for the first 5 to 10 days. The peanut bran should be dissolved and spilled. L0-40 days to feed peanut bran-based, and cast water dip and dip material. Feeding amount of bait is controlled at 200-500g of peanut bran per 10,000 servings per day. Every morning we must adhere to the patrol pond and observe the water color. The transparency is generally about 30cm. If there are too many plankton and the water quality is poor, we should inject new water to reduce the density of the food organisms and keep the water fresh. After about 40 days of cultivation, the fry generally grows to a size of 3.8-4.4 cm in length, and can be placed in large ponds for large-scale species breeding.
4 Disease prevention and treatment Light barbs White beak disease has occurred in the fry breeding process. Diseased fish swim in the upper layer of the water alone. The maxillary white is rot, and the eyes are prominent and fuzzy. The reasons may be: (1) Changing the water does not promptly cause water quality. deterioration. 2 For a long time in the cement pool cultivation, the feeding is too single. It has been treated with ponds, soaked with potassium permanganate, added with other food organisms, etc. The condition can be cured within a few days.
1. The fry transport and stocking are stocked by individuals with strong physique, no disease, no injuries, neat specifications, and strong water-returnability. Transportation is generally transported by plastic bag oxygenation. The 4cm long fry is loaded with 1000 bags per side and can be transported for 8-10 hours. The survival rate is over 95%. The area of ​​fish breeding ponds is preferably 500-2000 square meters, with a water depth of 1.5-2 meters. It is used for disinfection after being disinfected with fresh lime ponds 7-10 days before stocking. When stocking, attention should be paid to the temperature difference should not be too large, the weather is clear, when the wind is smaller, the seedlings have better results. The fish seedlings were soaked with 20 ppm potassium permanganate for about 15 minutes. Ponds with a stocking density of 3000-4000 tails/1000 m2, fish ponds with sufficient water sources, good water quality, and large water exchange volume can be appropriately increased in stocking density to reach 5000-6000 tails/1000 m2.
2. Feeding fry is fed with bait containing more than 35% of crude protein (most preferably pellets). The third day after the fry of the fish began to feed the bait, the initial reasons for transportation frightened, eating less, should take a small number of multiple investment limit, after 5 days, as the fish feed to normal, feeding time should be appropriate, daily Each time in the morning, afternoon, and evening, the amount of fish fed every day is about 3% to 5% of the weight of the fry, and it is increased or decreased according to the specific situation. After 10 days, the fish body is as long as 5.5-6cm. At this time, feeding The principle is that 80% of the fry are fully fed and leave. Because of the light barb, they have certain plant food habits. Usually, a small amount of fresh green material is fed regularly to supplement some of the vitamins, and the fry is favorably grown.
3. Management light barbs like to enjoy a fresh water environment, the pool should be based on water color, water quality, transparency, dissolved oxygen and fish activities from time to time to add new water, especially in alternating warm and cold, before and after the dawn of hot weather, special attention should be paid Note new water, conditional oxygen aeration equipment should be installed to prevent fry floating head. The fish ponds were disinfected with quicklime every 30 days. The amount was 1/15 hectare and 1m water depth was l0-20kg. The method was to sprinkle the whole area after dissolution. In order to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and the harmful decomposition of organic substrates, it is ensured that the seedlings grow in a good water environment.
After intensive care for l00-120 days, fry can grow from body length 3.8-4.4cm to 50-100g per tail, and the survival rate can reach 90-95%.
Fourth, light barbs? Adult fish culture At present, the light barbed fish farming mainly pond culture, cage culture and Shantan farming.
(I) Pond culture
1. Pond conditions Farming fish ponds require a quiet environment, adequate water sources, good water quality, convenient irrigation and drainage, and good sandy bottom quality with as little silt as possible. The area of ​​the pond is about 1/15 to 2/3 hectares, and the depth of the water should be about 2.0m. Drainage and irrigation outlets and anti-escape facilities should be set up. When the density is higher, aeration equipment must be provided. Before the pond is used, the ponds should be cleaned as usual. Disinfect and kill pests and pathogens.
2. Each species of stocking has a light barb of about 500 liters per l/15 hectare, and the specifications are about 50 grams per tail. The fish species to be put in should be robust, disease-free, free from injury, and have a uniform size and size. At the same time can be used with a small amount of large-size oysters, clams and squid to regulate water quality and feeding bait.
3. Feeding technology light barbed? The water quality of the culture pond is not fat, maintains fresh water quality and high dissolved oxygen content. The transparency of the pool water is kept at 30-50cm. Every 10-15 days, the water needs to be changed once. Water accounts for about 1/3 of the pool water. If you can use micro-flow water or aeration equipment oxygen, the effect is better.
Single light barbed bait is dominated by full-grained pellets, with meat and mash. The protein content of the grain feed is 32%-40%, the animal protein is 1/4-1/3 of the total protein; the light barb feeds the water temperature above 10°C, and the daily feed rate is 2% to 5% of the fish body weight. The amount of feeding should be based on the body temperature and the fish's food intake.
Day-to-day management: Adhere to the patrol ponds on a daily basis to observe the water level, fish activity, etc., especially in the hot, cold and warm seasons, to prevent floating head work, such as flushing new water, adding aerators, and constantly maintaining dissolved oxygen. 4mg/L or more; light barbs? afraid of alarming, usually should maintain quiet breeding environment. Remove the residual bait dirt from the pool in time and clean up and disinfect the food table or food court.
4, the harvest after a year of breeding light barbs, weight up to 500g in general, the feed coefficient of 2-3, l/15 hectare light barb 250-450kg, output value of 1.3-2.3 million, profit 0 .8-1.5 million.
(B) cage culture
1. The establishment of cages and specifications of cages generally choose fresh water, transparency of more than 50cm, micro-flowing water all year round, small fluctuations in water level throughout the year, and small winds and waves for stable Kuwan or Shantang. The cage is made of polyethylene mesh sheet and the specification is (5—15)x(5—10)x(2-2.5) cubic meters. It is a double-layer cage with an inner mesh of 20mm. Outer mesh 30mm, with wood, dimes, fixed cage cages, large oil barrels or foam plastic buoys, with money, rope fixed row. The upper part of the cage is 0.5m above the water surface, and the net cover covers it to prevent the fish from jumping out of the box.
Before stocking, fish cages should be put into the water one week in advance to allow Abu to soak thoroughly to remove residual toxicity.
2 . The time for releasing the fish from stocking is from the end of February to the end of March. Generally, stocks are stocked every other year, 30-50 fishes per square meter, 40-100g fish species, and 20-60 fish in each cage. Squid to clear the cage attached algae. Before the fry was released, the fish fry were subjected to conventional potassium permanganate soaking disinfection.
3. One week after feedstuffs are fed, they are mainly domesticated and bred by granular foods. Afterwards, as the fish grows, it gradually overshoots until it is fed with artificial granules containing more than 32% crude protein. Adhere to regular feeding, the daily feeding amount of 2% -5%, feeding 2-3 times a day, feeding a small to vote, until the fish finished eating and then vote to prevent food waste. It is advisable to control the amount of fish fed to 80% of each meal.
4. Daily management of fish species into the box, adhere to daily inspections, check for food, injuries, cage damage, etc., clean the cage every half a month to remove sundries and net clothing on the algae, keep the water inside and outside the box The exchange was smooth and the contents of the box were rich in oxygen. Every half a month, lime and bleach shall be splashed and the baits shall be fed regularly. Do a good job feeding and temperature recording.
5. At the end of the harvest, the temperature and water temperature drop, light barbs eat less, slow growth, can be listed, breeding 9-10 months, light barbs? General individual up to weight 500-800g, bait coefficient 2 -3, the survival rate is over 90%, and the output value per square meter is 800-1200 yuan. Profit 600-800 yuan.
(3) Mixed ponds and ponds in mountain pools Under normal circumstances, water bodies are “lean†and rich in dissolved oxygen. However, they are mostly operated in a coarse-grained manner. Production and production values ​​are very low. This type of water is suitable for mixed light barbs. Can make full use of water space, but also can increase the efficiency of farming.
Mixed ponds and ponds are generally selected for the use of ponds with good water quality and convenient drainage and irrigation. The area is more than 0.5 hectares. Stocking specifications are generally 50-100g of large-sized fingerlings, and 1/15 hectares of stocking is 25 or so. The sufficient stocking density of bait can be appropriately increased to about 50. Management should pay attention to keeping the water quality fresh, and do a good job of preventing fleeing during the flood. Under normal circumstances, the large-scale fingerlings are bred for 10-15 months, and the market can weigh about 0.7kg. The l/15 hectares will produce about 10kg of light and increase income by about 600 yuan.