The elements and functions required for crop growth? What chemical elements are needed for crop growth? There are 16 nutrients needed for crop growth and development. They are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, aluminum, and chlorine. Plants have a large demand for the first nine elements, called a large number of elements, and the demand for the latter seven elements is small, called trace elements. Under normal conditions, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and other trace elements are obtained from the soil. However, in southern China, calcium and magnesium are easily lost due to heavy rain, which needs to be properly supplemented. Iron in calcareous soils, the effectiveness is reduced, will cause yellowing of plants, also need to be supplemented, the following are the main role of various nutrients. Role of nitrogen Nitrogen is one of the smallest components of the plant - one of the important components of cells. Protein is the main component of the cell, and nitrogen contains about 6~18~ in the protein. Nitrogen is also an important component of chlorophyll. Plants require photosynthesis and require chlorophyll. In addition, nitrogen, such as vitamins, hormones, and alkaloids contained in plants, also contain nitrogen. Nitrogen is generally accumulated in young parts and seeds. When the nitrogen supply is sufficient, the stems and leaves of the plants are luxuriant, dark green, and delayed. On the contrary, if the nitrogen is insufficient, the plant is short, and the lower leaves are first green and yellow, and gradually expand upwards, and the leaves are yellow. Of course, if there is a shortage of nitrogen, the fertilizer will be applied too much, especially when the supply of phosphorus and potassium is insufficient, which will result in long, greedy, late maturity, easy lodging, infection and pests, especially if too much use will cause burning, so it must be Pay attention to reasonable fertilization. The role of phosphorus Phosphorus is an important element in plant cells and a component of many enzymes. It promotes cell division and greatly promotes root development. Phosphorus is involved in a series of new metabolic processes in plants, such as photosynthesis, carbohydrate synthesis, decomposition, and operation. Phosphorus can promote the storage of soluble sugars in the body, thus enhancing the drought and cold resistance of plants. In the seedling stage, it can promote the development of roots, make the roots grow fast, promote flowering, and improve the quality and yield of bulb flowers. Conversely, when the supply of phosphorus is insufficient, plant growth is inhibited. First, the leaf color of the lower part is dark purple, the flowering is late, and the flower is small. The role of potassium It does not directly constitute an organic compound, but participates in part of the metabolic process and plays a regulatory role. It mainly exists in the ionic state and has a large mobility in the Hugh. It is usually distributed in the most vigorous growth areas, such as buds, young leaves, and apex. When the potassium supply is sufficient, it can promote photosynthesis, promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants, facilitate the formation of protein, make the leaves strong, the branches are lignified, stout, not easy to fall, and enhance the ability of disease resistance and cold resistance. In the absence of potassium, the metabolism in Hugh is dysregulated, the photosynthesis is significantly decreased, the stem is thin, and the root growth is inhibited. First, the tip and edge of the leaf turn yellow until the orange is dead, and most of the leaves will be yellow. The role of calcium Calcium is a component of the gel layer in the cell wall and exists in the form of pectin calcium. Calcium is easily fixed and cannot be transferred and reused. When the plant is deficient in calcium, the cell wall can not form, and it will affect cell division, hinder the formation of new cells and cause root dysplasia. When the plant is short, the young leaves of the plant will curl, the tip of the leaves will be sticky, and the leaf edge will be yellow. Withered, the root tip cells rot and die. The role of magnesium Magnesium is an indispensable element of all horticultural plants because it is a component of chlorophyll. It plays an important role in photosynthesis. It is also an activator of many enzymes, which promotes the metabolism and respiration of carbohydrates. The role of sulfur Sulfur is an indispensable component of protein and germination. Sulfur-containing organic compounds also participate in the redox process in plants. Therefore, sulfur plays an important role in plant respiration. Although the chlorophyll component does not contain sulfur, it has a certain influence on the formation of chlorophyll. Sulfur deficiency will reduce the chlorophyll content, the leaf color is light green, and the severe wangzhuo sells white. Sulfur is not mobile in plants, and rarely moves from aging tissues to young tissues. The role of iron Iron usually accounts for a few parts of the dry weight of the dry matter, which is necessary for the formation of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll itself does not contain iron, but iron deficiency chlorophyll cannot form, causing "greenness". Iron has little mobility in plants, and iron in old leaves cannot be transferred to new tissues, so it cannot be reused. In the absence of iron, the lower leaves often remain green, while the young leaves appear a network of "greenness". The role of boron Boron is not a structural component in plants, but boron promotes the normal functioning of carbohydrates and promotes the normal development of reproductive organs. It also regulates the absorption of water and the process of ammoniation reduction. Boron deficiency can affect the flower bud differentiation and the occurrence of falling flowers and fruit, and also cause the stem to split. The role of manganese Manganese is a structural component of chloroplasts involved in photosynthesis and photolysis of water. It is an activator of various enzymes and plays an important role in plant respiration, protein synthesis and hydrolysis, and reduction of nitrate nitrogen. Manganese deficiency causes the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and the increase of fusible non-protein nitrogen in plants. The role of zinc Zinc is a constituent of many enzymes. It can promote the synthesis of auxin in plants, and plays an important role in plant hydrolysis, redox process and protein synthesis. Zinc deficiency, in addition to leaf chlorosis, leaflets and clusters often appear at the tip of the shoot, known as "lobular disease." In severe cases, the branches will die. The role of platinum Platinum is present in biocatalysts, which play an important role in legumes and autotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and can promote nitrogen fixation in legumes. Platinum also promotes the intensity of photosynthesis and eliminates the toxic effects of active aluminum accumulation in plants in acidic soils. The common symptom of plant deficiency of platinum is that the plant is short, the growth is inhibited, and the leaves are chlorotic and withered to cause necrosis. The leguminous crop is deficient in platinum, the nodule is poorly developed, the tumor is small and small, the nitrogen fixation ability is weak or the nitrogen cannot be fixed. The role of copper Copper is a component of various oxidases in plants, and copper plays an important role in redox reactions. It is involved in the respiration of plants and also affects the use of iron by crops. It contains more copper in the chloroplast and is involved in the formation of chlorophyll. Copper also has the ability to improve the stability of chlorophyll, avoiding premature chlorophyll damage and facilitating photosynthesis of leaves. The lack of copper will reduce the chlorophyll, the leaves will appear chlorotic, the tip of the young leaves will be yellow due to lack of green, and finally the leaves will be dry and fall off. The role of chlorine The photolysis of water in plant photosynthesis requires the participation of chloride ions. Chloride ion is the balancer of the osmotic pressure regulator and cation of the cell fluid and the plant cell itself. 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