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Effects of Volatile Pearl Plum Blossoms on Field Behavior and Learning and Memory Ability in Mice
Abstract: In order to investigate the environmental impact of pearl plum blossoms, the dynamic headspace adsorption method and thermal desorption 22 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the volatile species and relative content of pearl plum in near-natural state. The treatment of mice with pearl plum flowers analyzed the effects of volatiles of pearl plum on the behavior of open field and learning and memory ability of mice. The results showed that the volatiles of pearl plum flowers inhibited the exploratory, excitatory and motility of mice. The effect of low concentration volatiles has no significant effect on the learning and memory ability of mice. High concentration of volatiles inhibits the learning and memory ability of mice. The volatiles of pearl plum flowers have high content of nitrogen compounds, such as trimethylamine, 1,122 Dimethylurea, nicotinic aldehyde, etc., these substances may be the main reason for the impact on the behavior and memory of mice.
Key words: pearl plum, volatile matter, mouse, open field behavior, learning and memory ability
Urban greening is an important part of the urban ecological environment. Green plants continuously release volatile substances into the surrounding environment during normal growth. Some terpenes in plant volatiles are extremely low in the air. The concentration of the air enhances the freshness of the air and has a good regulating effect on the human body and mind. It makes people feel soothed and comfortable, helps to eliminate fatigue and restores a full mental state. However, some volatiles are good for human health. Unfavorable. For example, benzene and benzene compounds, when mildly poisoned, can feel dizziness, headache, dizziness, irritability, unstable pace; sometimes cause drowsiness, numbness of hands and feet, blurred vision; may also cause digestive reactions, such as nausea, Vomiting, etc.; may also significantly stimulate the respiratory tract and conjunctiva, etc. With the continuous improvement of plant volatile matter analysis methods, the effects of plant volatile substances on human health are more and more people's attention. Sorbaria kirilowii Maxim .) is a common ornamental shrub in various parks, green spaces and courtyards in Beijing, with special volatile components. To further understand these volatile organic compounds The existence form, type and concentration of gas and the impact on the quality of urban greening construction. This paper analyzes and measures the volatile substances of pearl plum flowers and tests the mice, and analyzes the volatile substances of pearl flowers in mice. The influence of capacity and market behavior provides a theoretical basis for improving the rational allocation of urban greening plants and building a natural environment that is both aesthetically pleasing and beneficial to human health.
1 Materials and methods
1.1 animal experimental materials
ICR mice, 5 weeks old, male, provided by the Experimental Animal Department of Peking University Medical School.
1.2 Plant experimental materials
Pearl plum flowers are collected from the campus of Beijing Forestry University.
1.3 Processing methods
The tested mice were divided into 3 groups of control, treatment and treatment 2, 10 in each group, and placed in 3 test boxes (60 cm×30 cm×30 cm), and the pearl plum blossoms were taken into a water bottle and placed. In the box, the weight of the flowers is 0, 7, 37 g, and the old flowers are taken every morning, and the same amount of fresh flowers are placed for 6 days. The behavior index of the mice is observed at 8:00 every day.
1.4 Experimental instruments
Channel water maze: self-made, made of black rubber sheet (80cm × 40 cm × 40 cm), water depth 30 cm, water temperature 30 ° C. The device has a total of 3 blind ends, the end has a step, the mouse can pass the stairs ashore Dodge the threat of drowning. Market analysis box: homemade, go to the top transparent glass box (80 cm × 0 cm × 60 cm), the bottom of the box is divided into 9 squares (27m × 27 cm), along the glass wall Known as the outer perimeter.
1.5 Experimental methods
1.5.1 Determination of animal learning and memory ability The mice in each treatment group were subjected to water maze test in sequence, and trained three times a day to record the number of times each mouse entered the blind end during swimming and the time of swimming out.
1.5.2 Market Analysis
The mice were placed in the middle grid and the activity of the animals was observed within 5 min. The following indicators were recorded: cross-grid number, central grid number, central grid time, standing times, grooming times, grooming time, fecal pellets. 1513 pearls Analysis of volatiles in plum flowers
The volatile matter collection of flowers was collected by in vitro plant dynamic headspace bagging. The volatile matter was determined by TCT22GCPMS (Thermal-desorptionold Trap22Gas Chromatography PMass Spectrometer, Thermal Desorption P Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry)
2 Experimental results
211 Species and content of volatile constituents of Prunus persica L. Figure 1 is the total ion current (Total Ion Current TIC) chromatogram of the volatile constituents of the isolated pearl plum. The mass spectrometry data of the volatiles of the pearl plum, retrieved by the NIST98 standard mass spectrometry database in the computer. In contrast to the mass spectrometry data sheet, the retention time information was combined to determine 45 components, and the peak areas in the total ion chromatogram were normalized to obtain the relative content of each component in the volatiles of the pearl plum. Table 1. The volatile compounds of live and in vitro of pearl plum flowers were analyzed and compared, the main components were the same, only some trace components were different.
3 Discussion
Behavior is the observed animal's response to the environment and is an adaptation activity to changing environmental conditions. As the living environment changes or is stimulated by the external environment, the animal will make a series of behaviors under the control of the central nervous system. Response (tropic, tropism, reflex, instinct, learning and reasoning). The analysis of open field behavior mainly reflects the animal's exploration, habits and accompanying emotional changes to the new environment. The number of crossings and the number of standings are animal exploration behaviors and excitability. The reflection of the level of exercise activity. The mice were treated with different concentrations of pearl plum. The results showed that the number of crossovers and the number of standing mice in the control group and the treatment group decreased with the increase of the number of treatment days. The decrease in the number of times and the number of standings was consistent with the study by Guo Deyu. The number of crossovers and the number of standings in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, indicating that the pearl plum has an inhibitory effect on the exploratory, excitatory and motility of mice. The amount of exercise in mice decreases. The volatiles of pearl plum have an effect on the neurobehavior of animals, which can reduce the stability and agility of mental movements. Brain thinking activities have a negative impact. The instinctive habits of mice like to walk along the wall roots, avoiding the open central area, which is the natural defense response of mice, which is the instinct of rodents. From the experimental results, The increase in the number of treatment days increased the spatial recognition ability of the mice, and the time between the control group and the treatment group was shortened and the number of times decreased. There was no significant difference between the control group and the treatment group. It may be due to the decrease in the amount of movement of the mice. The number of times was reduced and the time was shortened. Under different treatment conditions, the number of grooming times in the control group and the treatment group did not change significantly. With the increase of the number of treatment days, the mice in the control group and the treatment group prolonged the grooming time. Gradually satisfied with the environment. The hair treatment time group was lower than the control group, indicating that the volatiles of the pearl plum flower had an effect on the behavior of the mice, which made the mice emotionally unstable. It can be seen that the number of bowel movements in the control group gradually decreased, indicating that the number was small. The rats gradually adapt to the environment, reflecting the decrease of the tension of the mice; the number of bowel movements on the 1st day of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group, indicating that the mice were slow to reflect the new environment, which may be due to the evaporation of pearls
Learning behavior is a new behavioral activity established by animals through their life experience and experiment. The mice have strong learning and memory ability, constantly explore in the water maze, and finally escape from the watery shore. This complicated behavioral process It is controlled by a mixture of internal and external factors. In the course of the experiment, as the number of treatment days increases, the number of training increases, the time of swimming is significantly reduced, the number of errors is also reduced, and finally, the maze can be quickly swiftly swept out; There was no significant change in the swimming time of the water maze, and the number of errors increased slightly. It indicated that the volatile matter of low concentration of pearl plum had no significant effect on the learning and memory of mice, while the volatile matter of high concentration of pearl plum inhibited the learning and memory ability of mice. During the experiment, when the mouse was placed in the center of the open field observation box, the mouse immediately ran to the side, stopped at the glass wall, watched around, and then began to move around the grid and climbed with it. Standing on the glass wall, it seems to be looking for escape pathways, and then some movement through the central grid, but the time is very short. After 2 minutes, the mice begin to stand on both feet and appear short-term grooming, then the mouse
In conclusion, the mice treated with the volatiles of the pearl plum blossoms showed a significant decrease in the amount of exercise, and the reaction slowed down, which was much slower than the control group. Analysis of the volatile components of the pearl plum showed that it contained a large amount of nitrogen-containing compounds such as trimethylamine, , 1-dimethylurea, acetophenone, nicotinic aldehyde, etc., as well as isoamyl alcohol, 2-methylacrolein, which are irritating or toxic compounds. Amines, benzenes are harmful to human health These two substances have a strong adsorption effect on the human skin. Due to the large amount of respiration and skin contact with harmful volatiles in mice, the amount of exercise in mice decreases. The main indicators of behavior of mice after treatment with pearl plum Obviously, it tends to slow down, indicating that the volatiles of pearl plum have a negative effect on the behavior of mice, and can inhibit the excitatory and sporty activities of mice. Although the physiological indicators of human body have not been determined, the results of animal behavior are based on the results of animal behavior. It can be preliminarily believed that pearl pearl, as a kind of greening tree species, may have a negative impact on human health. It is best to stay away from residential houses when planting, and the planting density should be low and should not be high.