Vegetable root-knot nematode disease is a growth and development disorder caused by the damage of vegetable parasitic nematodes. Since root-knot nematodes parasitize in the plant's underground, they are not easily detected and the symptoms of plant damage resemble plant diseases. Therefore, vegetable root-knot nematode diseases are generally classified as vegetable diseases. Vegetable root-knot nematodes have a very wide host range, and diseases such as melons, solanaceous fruits, cabbages, etc. are heavier, causing serious economic losses. In many places, the disease is controlled as a quarantine subject. First, the symptoms Vegetable root-knot nematodes mainly damage the root system of plants. After the damage, a large number of root knots (fungus tumors) are formed in the roots, and the roots are atrophic and deformed. The root-transporting tissues are seriously damaged or deformed, water and nutrients cannot be transported normally, and the growth of the ground parts is hindered. Slow growth, weakness, short plants, pale leaves, showing lack of water, lack of fertilizer, small old seedlings. When the weather is dry or the water supply in the field is insufficient, the upper part of the diseased plants wilts before and after noon on sunny days, returning to normal sooner or later. The leaves near the bottom are easily detached, the upper leaves are yellow, and the flowering of fruits and vegetables is delayed, and the fruiting is poor or not strong, and there is no premature aging. The degree of disease in different crops and different varieties is not the same. After celery and cucumber were attacked, mung bean or millet-sized beaded tumors formed on the roots were smooth white and brown later, and the whole roots were rough and irregular and irregular. Second, the pathogen The pathogen of vegetable root-knot nematode disease is mainly southern root-knot nematode, which is male and female. Female adults pear shaped, pointed, abdomen enlargement, milky white, visible to the naked eye, mainly in the host host camp parasite life, resulting in host tissue lesions, proliferation of tumors, most of the parasites in the root knot. Males are linear, slender, slightly rounded at the tail, colorless and transparent, visible to the naked eye, and live mainly in the soil near the roots. The egg is kidney-shaped or oval-shaped, and the hatched larvae enter the soil after hatching. Third, the incidence of the law The nematode lives in 5 cm to 30 cm soil layers, and adults or eggs overwinter in the root of the disease or larvae in the soil. In the following year, overwintering larvae or larvae hatched from overwintering eggs invade plants from the roots, causing initial infection in the field. Tomatoes or cucumbers usually have root nodules at the early flowering stage, and they are most abundant at the early stage of flowering and are asymptomatic at the seedling stage. Symptoms of leafy vegetables occurred one month after transplanting. Diseased soil, diseased plants (seedlings), or propagation of roots and tubers with nematodes, irrigation, residual roots, and diseased plants are the main sources and transmission routes of pathogens. The environment generally suitable for the growth of vegetables is also suitable for the survival of nematodes. The development of nematodes is suitable for 15°C--30°C, and soil moisture content is about 40%. A fertility cycle is 30 days - 60 days, an average temperature of 26 °C -30 °C, a birth cycle of 21 days. Protected areas with heat sources can be affected all year round, and vegetables cultivated in the open season are in the peak period of June-August. The nematode has good aerobicity, high topography, loose soil, high water content and low salt content. Neutral sandy loam is suitable for nematode activity, and the incidence is heavy. The soil is too humid, viscous and soil compaction, which is not conducive to root-knot nematodes Activities, the incidence is lighter. Fertile soil, robust seedlings, suitable water and fertilizer, the incidence is light. Long-term drought-free or uneven watering and soil moisture are conducive to disease. Infested patches, such as long-term soaking, can inhibit root knot nematode activity in soil. Fourth, prevention and control measures 1. Rotation of various vegetables has a significant difference in the degree of susceptibility to the disease. Vegetables have a short growing period and are easy to change crops. They can change the severely affected plots to light-sensitive vegetables and varieties and implement rotation for more than three years. Melons, celery, and tomatoes are more susceptible to disease and suffer heavy damage, which can be accompanied by light vegetables such as onions, garlic, chives, and peppers. The incidence of leeks and garlic was significantly reduced after the former plot was celery and cucumber. The severely affected land plots are best rotated with grass crops, and paddy and dry rotations work best. 2. During the summer season, the deep-turning fields are used every 7 days to 10 days during the high temperature season. Deep plowing and soiling twice can kill some nematodes, larvae or eggs on the surface of the soil and reduce the source of insects. Greenhouses can be sun-dried when they are busy in Putian. 3. After clearing cucumbers, tomatoes, etc. from the disease, the roots of the disease are removed and concentrated. The residual roots are accompanied with a large number of root knots and eggs. It is necessary to clean out the fields and eradicate field weeds. Unripe urban garbage and vegetable roots may have a source of disease and should be strictly controlled and managed. 4. Selection of disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties, cultivation of disease-free seedlings seedlings by warm soaking treatment or chemical treatment; careful inspection when transplanting, found that diseased plants removed in a timely manner; to strengthen the cultivation and management, reasonable fertilization irrigation to reduce the occurrence of diseases. 5. Before the control of sowing or planting of the chemical, the soil was disinfected, and 3% methyl isothione granules were applied to 10 kg/mu - 15 kg/mu. When planting vegetables in protected areas, acupuncture applies 10% Limanku granules 5kg/mu, 50% gram phosphor granules 300g/mu - 400g/mu, or 95% cottonlon 3kg/mu - 25 Kilograms per gram, or irrigate 2000 times with 40% methyl isothiophovine EC.
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