Intensive and industrialized pig raising has become the mainstream of modern pig industry development in China, and it is a large-scale operation with high input, high output, and high efficiency. For a large-scale pig farm, one of the fundamental reasons affecting its efficiency is its effective output. Therefore, how to increase the farm’s effective output is the most direct and effective means for large-scale pig farms to improve their economic efficiency. . Based on his own production of pig farms in recent years: technical management work experience, the author proposes the following opinions and measures on how to increase the farm's effective output, and is willing to discuss and communicate with colleagues in the industry. In today's increasingly complex diseases, the disease is the key to the success or failure of a farm or even a business, and it is also the most important factor that affects the cost control of a farm. Production management is only a reflection of the level of a unit or company. Therefore, the farms control diseases, especially major diseases (blue ear disease, swine fever, pseudorabies, foot-and-mouth disease, circovirus disease, etc.) to ensure the continuous and stable production. Prerequisites for improving effective output. 2 Effectively prevent heatstroke and cool down under warm weather Raising breeding performance of breeding pigs is the most basic and effective way to achieve high yield and high efficiency in the pig farms. Although the current large-scale pig farms have conducted relatively strict breeding and selection of breeding pigs, the production performance of breeding pigs has achieved a certain degree of However, every summer, especially in the south, due to the influence of high temperature, high humidity, and thunder and lightning, the qualified rate of semen in boars is reduced; the rate of abortion and return of breeding pigs increases, stillbirth, and weak With the increase of mummified fetuses, the number of live births decreased, sows’ feed intake decreased, milk was reduced, diarrhea of ​​piglets increased, and the mortality rate increased. Sows’ milklessness syndrome increased, seriously affecting the economic benefits of large-scale pig farms. Cause greater economic losses. Therefore, we must do a good job of preventing heatstroke and cooling in warm weather, reduce the impact of high temperature and high humidity on breeding pigs, and improve breeding performance of breeding pigs. This is also the foundation of the following measures. 3 Increase the number of litters of sows The shortage of the number of litters in the sow, resulting in insufficient output, is one of the reasons that affect the effective output of the farm. Now the following measures are proposed on how to increase the number of litters in the farm. 3.1 Guaranteed number of basic sows The lack of basic sows is one of the direct causes of the insufficient number of litters in sows. In recent years, due to major diseases, some pig farms have eliminated the intensive elimination of basic sows for the purification of diseases, and the introduction of gilts has slowed down, resulting in insufficient number of basic sows, and thus affecting the number of litters. In order to ensure the number of basic sows, we need to proceed from the following aspects. 3.1.1 Slowing down the slaughter of sows of high gestational age The sow of high gestational age with relatively good disease-free performance is mated. The purpose is to increase the number of basic sows so as to increase the number of breeding so as to ensure the number of tillers. 3.1.2 Strengthen the feeding and management of gilts and increase their utilization rate. In addition to conventional treatment methods for individual sows, they can be fed for line changing to promote the estrus of the gilts; 6 to 7 months of age are used for control. At the same time, the exercise of gilts is strengthened to increase the utilization of gilts. 3.1.3 Increase the introduction of gilts The plan is to increase the introduction of gilts in advance in the case of insufficient base sows. 3.2 Improve mating rate 3.2.1 Reduce the rate of mismatch by strengthening breeding operations and estrus identification, thereby reducing returning sows and increasing mating rates. On the one hand, the breeding operations should be carried out in accordance with the operating procedures and requirements. In particular, during mating, the cultivator's massage stimulation to the sow's pussy and breasts should be sufficient and sufficient. On the other hand, a detailed estrus record should be established for estrus identification. And estrus identification is best done by special personnel, especially for gilts. 3.2.2 Strengthen the feeding and management of pregnant sows, reduce abortions and regrowth during pregnancy, and eliminate pregnant pigs, thus increasing the rate of mating and giving birth. Control the humidity in the pig house to ensure that the pregnant sow has a dry feeding environment; work in the pregnant house should be light so as to avoid the possibility that the noise caused by pregnant pigs will be frightened and miscarriage and toe-foot disease will be avoided. 3.2.3 Ensure boar semen quality by strengthening the management of boars and strict control of boar semen. In addition, the semen collecting the semen should discard the beginning and ending portions of boar semen. Ensure the quality of semen and increase the rate of mating and delivery. 3.2.4 Control of reproduction disorders, viral diarrhea, sow mequinitis and other diseases caused more returning sows. 3.3 Appropriate overloaded breeding, increase the number of litters Appropriate over-loading can, on the one hand, make up for the insufficient number of basic sows, resulting in insufficient number of tillers in the next stage; on the other hand, in cases where the number of basic sows is sufficient and production is stable, appropriate staged overloaded breeding ( The control is within 5%. It will not have a big impact on production, but it can also increase the number of litters, increase the effective output and asset utilization of the farm, and increase the benefits. 4 Increase the number of live sows in sow litters On the basis of a certain number of litters for sows, it is also one of the effective measures to increase the number of litters per litter in the sow. 4.1 Standardize the criteria for the elimination of weak ones. Set up small, lively, but relatively low-weight live pigs for meticulous care and nurture them with well-fed sows. 4.2 Strict control of sows during the pre-pregnancy period to ensure a reasonable sow's moisture level, so that the late feeding process is relatively smooth, the piglets' initial weight is improved, and the weak litter is reduced, thereby increasing the number of live piglets. 4.3 For individual sows with poor estrus status (such sows generally have low live births), by using strong estrus identification, timely breeding, hormone aphrodisiac if necessary, and increasing the number of breedings, etc. The number of litters in individual sows is very low. 4.4 Strengthen the rearing and management of the sows after weaning, ensure the reasonable sow of the sow after weaning, and make the weaned sow have a good estrus state and indirectly increase the number of litters per litter of the sow. 4.5 The centralized feeding of the primiparous gilts and the sows will be beneficial to grasping the sow's feed in the later stage of pregnancy to ensure that the sows in the late stage of pregnancy are reasonable in their cuttings, and to avoid the high yield of the primiparous sows, causing dystocia and stillbirths. Indirectly raising the number of live pigs. 4.6 Strengthen the control of boar semen quality and the insemination operation of the breeder, and increase the number of effective live piglets. By strengthening the feeding and management of the delivery room and the work responsibility of the husbandry and management staff, the increase in the production rate and the quality rate of the house piglets in the transfer nursery is also one of the effective measures to increase the effective output. 5.1 Strengthen the awareness of feeding and management of suckling sows and care of piglets, ensure reasonable feed intake of sows, improve their lactation performance, and reduce the occurrence of dehydrated piglets during lactation. 5.2 A large proportion of the dead pigs in the delivery room of pig farms are caused by congenital scrotal hernias and umbilical hernias. Therefore, the success rate of castration such as scrotal hernia and umbilical hernia in this group of piglets is reduced, and the elimination of this group of piglets is reduced. It can greatly increase the survival rate of the piglets in the delivery room and the quality rate of the transferred nursery homes. 5.3 Improve the uniformity of piglets. When the sows with better lactating performance and poor sows are adjusted, in principle, the number of piglets in sows with poor suckling performance is reduced by two; the individual piglets in individual pens can also be pre-weaned (19). Around the age of the day, let the sow go to other piglets to improve the uniformity of the whole unit piglet, reduce the number of piglets after weaning, and reduce the elimination of thin piglets. 5.4 For sows with poor nipple development, use hot towels or massage directly before delivery to improve the lactation performance of sows. 5.5 Strengthen and standardize basic operations such as cutting teeth, crushing tails, cutting umbilical cords, and castration, and reduce the increase in mortality rate of piglets caused by improper basic operations and bacterial infection. 5.6 Strengthen the feed intake of piglets in the delivery room so that the piglets can be fed as soon as possible after weaning. By using the grated inducer to sprinkle the sow's udder when the pigs feed their milk, the feeding effect of the piglets can be effectively improved, so that the piglets can feed in advance. 5.7 Centrally reared piglets that eat less milk. With the allowable turnover of the stalls, each cell will have an empty bar. Around 10 days of age, the piglets who have not eaten milk will be grouped together to find a sow with better milking performance to breastfeed. 5.8 Routine control of the delivery room, especially diarrhea (eg, viral diarrhea, bacterial diarrhea, etc.), can greatly reduce the rate of deaths caused by diarrhea in the delivery room. 5.9 Strengthen the feeding and management of piglets. For diarrhea weight-loss piglets, milk powder should be fed daily within 5 days after delivery, timely adjustment and fixing of nipples within 24 hours; milk powder should be used throughout thin piglets; water supplements should be started on piglets 3 days before weaning, and the phenomenon of falling off after weaning should be reduced, thereby reducing Mortality rate of delivery room. 5.10 All employees are required to change their attitudes and establish a sense of strengthening feeding management and sow care. All problems cannot be attributed to the reason for the poor suckling performance of sows. 6 Increase the survival rate and quality rate of nursery schools The feeding and management of nursery piglets is relatively easy relative to the delivery room, but to improve the survival rate and quality rate of nursery homes, the following aspects must be taken into consideration. 6.1 Strengthen the feeding and management of nursery homes, especially ventilation and ventilation and cold insulation. 6.2 Feeding piglets as soon as possible: For piglets that are transferred to nursery homes shortly after weaning from the delivery room, ensuring the piglets to eat as soon as possible is the most basic measure, which is one of the manifestations of the health of the pigs. If the feed intake of nursery pigs is low, there will be relatively more pigs. Therefore, to ensure that piglets eat as soon as possible is one of the effective measures to reduce the rate of miscarriage. 6.3 Strengthen feeding and feeding methods in nursery schools. Use a reasonable feeding method and feed it four times a day. Before each feeding, ensure that the feed trough has a certain empty time. This is also a reasonable feeding method to increase the feed intake of nursery piglets. 6.4 Control the diarrhea caused by the transfer of piglets. In the course of the transfer process, Chinese herbal medicines (such as Sanjinsan, Andrographis, etc.) or Western medicines are added for prevention to control the feed diarrhea of ​​nursery pigs, thereby reducing the increase in dead piglets caused by diarrhea. 6.5 Prepare anti-stress work before and after transfer and vaccine immunization. The impact of stress on piglets is also relatively large, by adding some anti-stress drugs to the drinking water or feed before and after the transfer and vaccines, such as: strong Baigu Shu (Bayer, Germany) or vitamin C and other vitamins Classes and so on. 6.6 Based on the actual performance of the herd in the nursery, a purposeful job of drug prevention for various diseases has been made. 6.7 do a good job of prevention of edema disease. The piglets that are transferred from the delivery room to the nursery are likely to cause edema due to improper feeding and management, resulting in a high deadweight rate. 7 Effectively reduce the mortality rate of bred and finishing pigs and increase their survival rate For bred pigs and fattening pigs, the aspects of feeding and management are relatively easy, but it is also necessary to do a good job of feeding, managing, disease prevention, and prevention in different seasons and stages according to the herd. The specific measures are as follows. 7.1 The slaughter rate at the hog stage has a certain relationship with the disease level of pigs. The pig farm nursery and the maternity farm must do their utmost to ensure the quality of the source pigs. 7.2 How well the insulation work in the winter and spring seasons is concerned with the resistance of the herds to disease, and insufficient insulation is an important factor leading to diarrhoea, respiratory disease, sudden fall to the ground and other diseases in the herds. The occurrence of these group diseases will lead to The emergence of high death rate. The husbandry and management personnel shall strengthen the implementation of the insulation work and ensure that the temperature within the house will be 22°C or higher within one week after the breeding and breeding of the nursery house. 7.3 Whether the isolation and effective nursing and symptomatic treatment are timely and timely in the pig rearing and management process is one of the most effective means to reduce the deadweight of the hog. The breeder should strengthen the daily inspection of the herd and guide the relevant husbandry and management personnel to take reasonable and effective measures in time to deal with the weak, disabled and sick pigs, and to provide meticulous care to these pigs, which is very important to reduce the rate of death. 7.4 Minimizing the stress during feeding can effectively reduce the incidence of pigs and reduce the rate of death. When the temperature is low, the temperature in the house should be raised before being transferred from the nursery to the house to reduce the stress caused by the excessive temperature difference. Before and after vaccination, anti-stress should be administered; antibiotics should be used to prevent diarrhea in the process of the transfer; Use anti-stress medication when mutating. 7.5 According to the age of onset of pigs in the nursery farms, the main disease manifestations and regularities, combined with the anatomical lesions, etc., targeted and rational use of drugs for phased prevention can reduce the incidence of group disease, thereby reducing the rate of death. In particular, there are targeted preventive medications before the onset of respiratory disease in middle-large pigs. 8 Pig farms should ensure the smooth transition of each link The pig farms can ensure the smooth flow of the houses in each section, play a very important role in stabilizing the large-scale production of the farms, reducing the deadlock in various stages, and improving the effective output, and are the basis for all the above measures. The smooth and smooth operation of the sheds on the one hand guarantees the time for sterilizing the larvae and reduces the concentration of pathogens, which is very conducive to the control of diseases on the farms. On the other hand, it avoids the increase in the difficulty of raising and managing the herds due to excessive breeding density; It is beneficial for the pig farm to implement the standardized production process of all-in and full-out, and at the same time it is conducive to the control of pig diseases and the excavation of production potential.
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1 Controlling the major diseases on farms to ensure the continued stability of production
5 Increase the rate of transfer of nursery homes in the delivery room
