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The family Serranidae, the scientific name Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Valenciennes), is commonly known as a seesaw, a cricket, a cricket, a four-fish, a seven-star, a cormorant, a fish, a flower, a large plate, and a medium plate. English name Japanese seabass
ã€Morphological characteristics】
The body is prolonged and flattened. The general body length is 30-40 cm, and the body weight is 400-1000 g. There are 4 uplifts in the meantime. The mouth is large, and the jaw is longer than the upper jaw. The tip of the snout has small teeth and arranges villous tooth bands on the two jaws, the vomer and the cheekbones. The front edge of the cranial bone is finely serrated, and the horns and the lower edge are blunt. The lateral line is completely parallel to the body's dorsal edge, the body is finely scaled, the cortex is rough, the scales are not easy to fall off, and the back side of the body is gray-gray. The ventral side is gray-white, with black spots scattered on the spine of the body and dorsal fins. With age, the spots gradually become indistinct. The dorsal fins are slightly separated. The first dorsal fin is developed and has 12 hard spines. The second dorsal fin is composed of 13 fins; the pelvic fin is located slightly behind the starting point of the pectoral fin. The base of the second dorsal fin is light yellow, and the pectoral fins are yellow-green, and the tail frog is light brown.
ã€Origin, production season】
The eel is distributed in the western Pacific Ocean, in China's coastal areas and in the freshwater bodies of the sea. The Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea are abundant. It is one of the common economic fishes and it is also a species that develops mariculture. The main producing areas are Qingdao, Shidao, Qinhuangdao and Zhoushan Islands. The fishing season is spring and autumn. The annual 10 to 11 months are the fishing season. Hi inhabits brackish water in the estuary and can also live in fresh water. Ferocious, feed on fish and shrimp. Individuals can grow up to 30-50 kilograms, usually 3 to 5 kilograms.
ã€Economic Value】
Carp is firm and white, not only of high nutritional value but also of delicious taste. The carp is divided into white pelican and black pupae due to differences in its skin color. The black spots of the black storks are not obvious. In addition to the grayish white belly, the dorsal side is bronzed or dark brown; the white mullet has more body color and irregular black spots on both sides.
Squid is an export species. Its English name is Japanesw sea bass and it is exported to countries and regions: Japan, Hong Kong and Macao. Export ports: Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang.
ã€Freshwater farming】
First, the construction of the pond to choose a rich source of water, fresh water pollution-free place to build pool. Each pond is 5-8 acres, with a rectangular shape, and the north-south direction is better. The bottom of the pool is required to be flat, sandy mud bottom, and the pool shore is firm with a depth of 2 meters. At the end, he has to put in the drainage and drainage pipes. At the same time equipped with 1 to 2 1.5KW aerators, farms need to have standby units. When dredging, the dredging and disinfection of the ponds should be well done. They can be disinfected with 50 kg of quick lime or 5 to 10 kg of bleaching dry pool per acre in the week before release. Before laying the seedlings, basic feeds for cultivating the pool water should be applied to make the pool water green or brownish.
2. Breeding of seedlings (1.5 to 2 cm in length) to be harvested from sea areas, desalinated to salinity of 4 to 7 hours and put into temporary holding ponds (1 degree of salinity), stocking species to natural seedlings of northern sea area Best, because of different physicochemical factors, seedlings grow faster, individuals larger, can shorten the breeding cycle, increase economic efficiency. The stocking density in the holding pool is controlled at 1 to 20,000 acre, and the pond is often flushed with oxygen. On the second day of the next day, fresh feeds such as zooplankton and red worms were started to be fed. The fish slurry, buoyant particles and bait were slowly mixed and fed, and gradually acclimated to feed the crushed fish larvae and buoyant pellet feed. . The daily feeding amount was 15% of the fish's body weight and was fed 3 times. During the holding period, it is disinfected once a week with 0.3ppm strong chlorine or 15ppm formalin. Three days before the start of the feeding, 0.5g of furazolidone, 3 grams of oxytetracycline, and 1 gram of vitamin C are taken per 50kg of fish. Feeding once a day, even for 3 days. After more than 20 days of feeding, the fish grows to 4-6 cm in size and can be reared in large ponds.
Third, feeding and management After the seedlings are sifted, they are bred by the size of the pool. The stocking density is generally 2500-3500 tails/mu. Water depth 1.5 meters or more, to maintain the appropriate water in the pool, with a transparency of 30 cm, the water was oil green is appropriate. Feeding twice a day, the main feed is chopped fish gizzards and buoyant pellet feeds. Vitamins B and C are added to the feed, and the daily feed is 6% of the fish's body weight. Every month, we also need to feed soil mold, erythromycin, vitamins and drugs for 2 times, each time for 3 days. At the same time, the whole pool of ponds was regularly disinfected with 0.4 ppm strong chlorine or 20 ppm formalin. Drug control should be used with caution such as trichlorfon and mercuric nitrate. Do a good job of patrol pond management every day, turn on oxygen at night or when the weather is hot and low, and find that the pool water is bad to drain water in time to keep the pool water fresh.
ã€Bred in sea water】
(1) Pond conditions and preparation work The pond area is suitable for 3300m2-6600m2, water depth is more than 2m, water source is sufficient, water quality is not polluted, and there is good access to drainage facilities and convenient transportation. Before restocking, the dry pool should be dredged and leveled to protect the slope. The quicklime should be used between 750kg and 1050kg per hectare to keep the water in the pool at 10-20cm and soaked with spatter. After 7 days, add water to 1m deep. In order to maintain the water quality, diammonium 75kg/hm2 can be applied once. After two days, the pool water becomes oil green and can be stocked.
(2) Temporary rearing of fish species and stocking of eel fry species are currently mostly sea catches. Spring spring catches are approximately 2.5 cm-4 cm. Fish are subject to varying degrees of injury as a result of harvesting and transport. In order to increase the survival rate of fish farming, it may be carried out first. Holding in the middle. It is more convenient to set up a 40-mesh cage in the rearing tank. 2000-3000 tails were raised per cubic meter of water body, and they were disinfected with 110-6-210-6 chloramphenicol, and the post-fish furazolidone was consumed. The first 10 days of feeding Artemia larvae or marine freshwater horns, copepods, and then fed fresh fish. The fish species are cultured to about 10 cm and put into a pool at 1.5 tails/m2.
(3) Development Management
A. The feeding of bait is mainly based on low-grade miscellaneous fish, supplemented by artificial ingredients. The squid grabs fast and has a large content. It is very important to ration regularly. When feeding, it is necessary to grasp the fullness of the fish without wasting food. Each time the first feeding of the fish is increased, the feeding amount is increased when the fish is first raised and the fish is fed up. When the fish sinks, the feed is stopped when the food is not caught. The daily feeding amount and the feeding amount vary depending on the season. The optimum temperature for the rapid growth of carp is 4-5 times daily, and the amount of bait is 10-30% of the fish's body weight. Early spring and late autumn at low temperature, and 2-3 times daily feeding, accounting for 1-10% of fish's body weight. .
B. The inspection of the patrol pond will be performed sooner or later. The observations of the patrol pond include the activities of the fish body, the changes in pond water color, odor, transparency, pond escape prevention facilities and predators.
Seawater cage culture
(1) Breeding conditions in the sea areas require ventilation, and the water depth should be maintained at 5m or more at low tide. The water flow is unimpeded and 0.3m per second is appropriate. The bottoms are free from obstructions, the water quality is clean and free of pollution, and the salinity changes little.
(2) Structure of cage structure Raft cages are fixed on the pipe racks and nets are sand-filled bags. The fixed type is made of a metal pipe which is slightly larger than the frame of the cage, and the cage is fixed in its inner shape. The sandbag type is to hang a 4kg sandbag at each corner of the cage body to fix the mesh type. In the South, wooden planks are used to make qualified fish fillets. They are floated on the surface of the water and anchored by anchor cables. The cages are hung in the fish row. In the north, there are many single-floating single-floating frames, and the floating cages are connected to floating ropes in the sea area.
The size of the net mouth is usually 33m and 44m. The net depth is determined by the water depth of the sea area at any time. Usually 4-6m, the net size depends on the size of the fish. The mesh principle is used to break one head without escaping the fish. The mesh should be smaller than the mesh size. The body height is 1/2.
(3) Fish species Stocking squid To develop commercial fish in that year, the seedlings should be raised to more than 10cm and then counted into a cage. The number of water bodies per cubic meter of cage is 20-30. The specific stocking densities should be determined according to the specifications of the fish species, the condition of the sea in the seasons in the season, the stocking of the bait, and the breeding technique.
(4) Feeding bait is mainly based on low-value miscellaneous fish, and can also be fed with grain feed. Each feeding should be less after first, and the amount of bait should be increased after feeding the fish to catch food. If you don’t eat enough food, you should stop feeding when the fish do not catch food. The number of feedings is 4-5 times a day and the daily investment is 2-3 times when the temperature is low in autumn and evening.
(5) Routine management often wash network elements and remove attachments, usually 10-15 days, replace new cages if necessary, check cages, and prevent leakage. Pay attention to fish, water conditions and diseases.
Disease prevention and treatment
(1) Ocular white candle
[Symptoms] are more common in spring and summer fish species. White spots appeared in the eyeballs, which gradually enlarged and covered the entire eyeball. Severe eyes protruded and fell off. The disease can be caused by the lack of fresh food and vitamin deficiency.
[Prevention and Control] Renew aquaculture water, feed fresh food, and add vitamins (especially VB) to food.
(2) Sphaerothecosis
[Symptoms] Flocculate bacteria appear in the fish. The diseased fish swim slowly on the water. Loss of appetite and weight loss result in infection.
[Prevention] Replace with fresh water and maintain good water quality. Dissolve MG of 610-6 in malachite green for 5-10 minutes.
(3) skin ulcer disease
[Symptoms] More common in hot seasons. Local fish descale, congestive ulceration. Mostly caused by bacterial infection caused by fish injuries, sick fish loss of appetite, floating slow swim, weight loss and death.
[Control] with 2010-6 plus chloramphenicol (or nitrofurazone) bath 4h-5h.
(4) Enteritis
[Symptoms] Swelling of the diseased fish, anal swelling, yellow mucus outflow, fish weight loss, loss of appetite, severe death. It is caused by the deterioration of the bait and the high fat content of the bait.
[Control] Furazolidone baits were formulated in an amount of 0.1% and fed continuously for 5-7 days.
(5) Fish caries
[Symptoms] The fish parasites are paralyzed and the sick fish are disturbed by swimming. They rely on friction on the pool wall, and the weight of the fish body is heavy.
[Prevention and control] with crystals trichlorfon Quanchiposa, so that the pool of water containing 0.2510-6-0.310-6, every 3 days and then apply once, usually twice the medication can be cured, can also be used pure fresh water bath 2-3 In minutes, the fish can also fall off on its own.
[Pharmaceutical value]
[Taste] is flat and sweet.
[Efficacy] Spleen, qi, kidney, fetus.
[Appetite] for anemia dizziness, women with edema, fetal movement disturbing people.
"Herbal Materia Medica": "toothe the fetus, make up, especially for the best." "Jia Ma Materia Medica": "Eel, more food and pleasant, frog especially good. Very dry and fragrant, although a small drug, not to disease. â€
[Don't eat] According to previous experience, those who suffer from skin ulcers should not eat. Eel bogey and cheese with the food.
Cui Yuxi: "Eel meat eat more hair and swollen sores, can not be the same with the cheese." "Raspish home diet spectrum": "Carp fish, eat more sores suffering from carbuncles, the liver is particularly toxic. In the poison, reed root juice solution The."
[Spoken] Squid is distributed in the coastal areas of China, in estuaries and in rivers, and is produced in all parts of the south of the Yangtze River. In every 100 grams of salmon meat, it contains 17.5 grams of protein, 3.1 grams of fat, 0.4 grams of carbohydrate, 1 gram of ash, 56 milligrams of calcium, 131 milligrams of phosphorus, 1.2 milligrams of iron, and riboflavin 0 .23 mg, niacin 1.7 mg. Taiwanese produced 19.39 grams of crude protein, 1.16 grams of crude fat, and 1.16 grams of ash.
Steamed squid
Raw materials: 1 carp (500-600 grams), cooked ham 30 grams, bamboo shoots 30 grams, 4 mushrooms, a little parsley.
Accessories: ginger, onion 5 grams each, salt 5 grams, cooking wine 15 grams, a little soy sauce, chicken soup 50 grams.
Prepare: Remove the squid, remove the viscera, clean the body and wipe the excess water into the steaming plate; cut the ham into slices similar to the size of the bamboo shoots, on the fish; shiitake mushrooms with warm water, stalks, slices, and At the fish's body and in the surrounding area, the ginger and onion shall be placed in a fish dish, then salt, soy sauce, and cooking wine; the parsley shall be washed clean and cut into sections for use.
Practices: 1. The fire boil the water in the steamer and place it in a fish dish. Steam for 8 to 10 minutes. Remove the fish immediately after it is cooked and pick out the ginger and onion.
2. After the chicken soup is boiled, pour the fish and decorate it with parsley.
Tips: 1. If there is no chicken soup, you can use chicken essence to replace the clear water. Adding chicken soup is mainly to increase the savory taste of steamed fish.
2. Fresh fish produced by steaming this cooking method should be as fresh as possible. In addition to carp, grass carp, Wuchang fish, carp, etc. can also be used.
Characteristics: The squid is warm and has the functions of replenishing the gas, nourishing yin, appetizing and prolactin. After the fish began to grow in autumn, the meat was as white as snow, and there was a saying that “the westerly incline of the squid was inclineâ€.
[cooked squid]
Ingredients: 225 grams of fat pork, 300 grams of net eel meat, and 3 eggs.
Seasoning: 3 teaspoons of refined salt, 1.5 teaspoons of MSG, 1 teaspoon of sesame oil and pepper, 0.5 tablespoons of wet starch and 0.5% of dried starch, 750 grams of peanut oil, 1 dish of jji juice and pepper salt.
Production: The fat is changed to 5cm in width and 3cm in width to 24 pieces. The eel carp grows about 5cm in length and about 3cm in width and puts salt, monosodium glutamate, sesame oil, and pepper together.
Transfer the eggs and wet starch to a thick paste, spread the fish with 70%, and mix the marinated fat with 30%. Sprinkle the dry starch with a large plate, place the fat on the plate, and paste the meat on the fat. Put the oil on the pan, heat the end, leave the fire, place the fish in a pot, return it to the top half of the oven and fry until both sides are golden, and pour into a colander to control the oil. Cut them with scissors and place them in the dish. Another time with chicken juice, salt and pepper on the table.
This dish is sweet and delicious.
bass
Percforme (Percformidae) Percidae is a general term for two species of fish, Perchfluviatilis and P.flavescens, which are sometimes considered to be the same species of P. fluviatilis. Hessian and golden pheasant are produced in the freshwater waters of Eurasia and North America respectively. They are famous for food and fishing. With two dorsal fins, the first dorsal fin spine, the second is composed of fins. Carnivorous. Live in calm ponds, lakes, streams and rivers. Spawning in the spring, the female will produce a string of eggs between the branches of shallow water plants. The river clam is also known as the European cockroach; it is pale green and has dark vertical bands on the side of the body. The lower fins are light red or orange; the maximum weight is about 3 kg (6 pounds). The golden pheasant is native to eastern North America and has been introduced into the Pacific Rim; its shape resembles that of a river plover, but its color is more yellow, it can be as long as 40 cm (15??, weighing up to 1 kg (2.2 lbs)). Other fish named after perch and named after perch , There are siberian tadpoles and sea bream and seabass (seabass (ie?)) of the relative species Shiroishi.