Scientists discover new types of thermogenic adipocytes that may be used in weight loss therapy

Scientists discover new types of thermogenic adipocytes that may be used in weight loss therapy

January 07, 2019 Source: Ministry of Science and Technology

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On December 19, 2018, researchers such as the University of California, USA, published an article entitled "Thermal stress induces glycicide beige fat formation via a myogenic state" on Nature, and found a new type of thermogenic fat cell, and most Unlike the combination of heat-producing fat burning sugars and lipids, this type of fat cells mainly burns sugars, and this discovery is expected to open up new therapeutic avenues for weight loss.

Environmental factors can affect the cellular plasticity of multicellular organisms. However, the molecular mechanisms by which physiological or pathological factors induce developmental plasticity are still not fully understood. For example, exercise promotes the conversion of glycolysis to oxidized fiber type in skeletal muscle, and cold acclimation can induce the production of beige fat cells in adipose tissue. The heat-producing fat cells are currently classified into brown fat cells and beige fat cells. Unlike brown fat, beige fat cells are scattered in white fat. In wild-type mice in cold conditions, a protein called a β-adrenergic receptor on adipose precursor cells is activated by the β-adrenergic signaling pathway, which leads to some of the former in white adipose tissue. The body differentiates into beige fat cells. In this study, the researchers found that under cold conditions, β-less mice lacking all three β-adrenergic receptors produced different types of beige fat in the body. It has different origin and regulation than traditional beige fat and has a stronger glucose oxidation reaction. Therefore, it is called glycolysis beige fat. Further studies have shown that GA-binding protein alpha regulates the cell differentiation of glycolysis in rice by myogenic intermediates. This study reveals an adaptive mechanism by which non-traditional heat stress induces progenitor cell plasticity and recruits different forms of thermogenic cells to maintain energy balance and survival.

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