People will produce a series of symptoms after they have contracted West Nile virus. Some people will have a fatal brain infection, while others will not have any symptoms of infection. One of the reasons for explaining this phenomenon is the difference in microbial populations in the intestine of different humans.

Recently, researchers from the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis found that when mice were treated with antibiotics to disrupt the structure of the gut microbiota, the severity of symptoms after infection with West Nile virus was increased. The related results were published in the most recent issue of Cell Reports.

In this study, the authors first performed antibiotic treatment (vancomycin, neomycin, penicillin, and metronidazole) for two weeks, followed by West Nile virus infection. The results showed that only 20% of the mice treated with antibiotics survived the infection, compared with 80% for the control mice.

Subsequent studies have shown that mice are at a high-risk level within a week after receiving antibiotics, and three days of antibiotic treatment can be sufficient to cause mice to die from delicate viral infections.

In order to further search for the relationship between the sensitivity of mice infected with the virus and intestinal bacteria, the researchers tested the effect of four antibiotics on the results. The results show that penicillin and vancomycin treatment can make mice die more easily. West Nile virus, and neomycin does not have this effect. The use of metronidazole alone did not increase the lethality of mice, but the combination of penicillin and vancomycin could expand the effect. In addition, different antibiotic treatments cause different changes in the intestinal microflora, so the mice's anti-infective ability will have different performance.

By detecting immune cells in mice, the authors found that antibiotic treatment reduced the number of CD8 toxic T cells in the body, and the above cells have an important role in antiviral response. The research is currently carried out on mice. Therefore, more follow-up studies are needed to prove that human intestinal microbes also affect the body's ability to resist West Nile virus infection.

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