Because of the problems in the cultivation of loofah in recent years, the experts summarized the cultivation techniques of the loofah in the facility as follows: 1. Cultivation season 1 solar greenhouse cultivation The mouth of the mouth is a year old. In late January, the seedlings are seedlings. The seedling age is about 35 days. It is planted in early February, harvested 50 to 55 days after planting, and pulled at the end of October or early November. 2 plastic greenhouse cultivation According to the conditions of nursery and cultivation facilities, seedlings are planted in the middle and late February, and the seedling age is about 35 days. It is planted at the end of March, harvested 50 to 55 days after planting, and pulled at the end of October or early November. 2, cultivars Through introduction and variety comparison, three excellent loofah varieties, such as Bilu No. 1, Nongfu 801 and Crown No. 3, which are more suitable for the cultivation of Lianyungang City, were selected. Among them, Bilu No. 1 is early maturing, adaptable, cold-resistant and disease-resistant; Nongfu 801 is an early-maturing variety; Crown No. 3 is precocious and heat-resistant. In the construction of production bases, according to the production characteristics of each place and the mouthwash, reasonable arrangement of early maturity, medium and early maturity and cold-resistant and heat-resistant varieties planting area, lengthen the market supply period, alleviate the contradiction between centralized harvesting and listing of labor and labor shortage. 3. Cultivate strong seedlings 3.1 germination Sun-breeding, soaking seeds, germination at 25 °C, sowing when the seeds are 70% to 80% white. 3.2 Seed preparation It is more suitable to use a 50-hole or 54-hole plug. The substrate adopts a melon seedling substrate which has good water permeability and is not suitable for loosening when the seedling is transplanted. If the substrate needs to be added with fertilizer, dissolve the fertilizer in water and then stir evenly. If it is directly added to the fertilizer, it is easy to burn the young shoots. Stir the substrate while sprinkling with water until the water content reaches 50% to 60%. Start the plate when the substrate is evenly permeable to moisture (note that the matrix should be tight), scrape flat, and press the bottom of the other tray to the filled substrate. On the tray, the substrate was subsided by about 0.5 cm and then the bottom water was poured. 3.3 Sowing Seeds are placed flat in the nursery hole (if the seed is placed, more "wearing a hat" when the seedlings are emerged), and the surface is covered with a semi-tidal vermiculite or a mixed substrate. Ground seedlings in greenhouses should be leveled when preparing seedling beds, and watered to ensure healthy growth of loofah seedlings. After sowing, the plugs are arranged on the nursery bed, and the surrounding and disc gaps are filled with soil, covering the mulch, and a small arch shed is placed in the greenhouse to facilitate heat preservation. 3.4 Seedling management According to different seedling conditions and stages, preventive measures, temperature and humidity management, pest control and refining work. The loofah seedlings can be colonized when they are 3 leaves. 4. Planting and management 4.1 Reasonable close planting Wide and narrow row planting, wide line spacing 80 cm, wide line in the middle of the ditch, narrow line spacing 60 cm, plant spacing 25 ~ 28 cm, 1 plant per hole, 667 m2 planted 3 500 ~ 3 700 plants. 4.2 Laying drip irrigation belt equipment, full coverage of greenhouse film in greenhouse It is not recommended to use drip irrigation pipes because drip irrigation pipes are easy to block, expensive, and difficult to install and dismantle. The main belt is made of 2 inch (1 inch = 3.33 cm) thickened non-porous drip irrigation belt. The belt is made of 1 inch 5 hole drip irrigation belt. The main belt and the tee are installed. The joint is laid in the middle of each ridge. The tail of the strap is folded at 3 folds, and then a small amount of the corresponding strap can be cut. In 2016, the main belt, the branch belt and the three-way material were installed for 667 yuan per 667 m2 drip irrigation facility. When changing, the drip tape equipment can be flexibly disassembled, cleaned, coiled, placed in the dark, and used again. Through drip irrigation, it can be applied with water, fertilizer, reduce the loss of labor and fertilizer, save water, prevent the introduction of groundwater temperature and disease transmission. After fixing the drip irrigation belt, the 0.8 m wide black mulch is used to cover the north-south direction of the greenhouse to reduce water evaporation, reduce the humidity and disease in the shed, increase soil temperature, maintain soil moisture, prevent weeds, and protect loofah. Efficient and safe production and facilities necessary for the cultivation of loofah. 4.3 Temperature, water and fertilizer management After planting, the shed will keep warm and moisturize, increase the temperature and promote the slow seedling. The temperature control should not exceed 35 °C, and the heat preservation cover should be properly adjusted to maximize the illumination time. Generally, after 7 days of slow seedling, the temperature is appropriately lowered, and the temperature control during the day does not exceed 30 °C. The facility has a strong ability to plant loofah, high yield, large amount of fertilizer, and strong ability to absorb fertilizer. Apply enough base fertilizer to apply 1 000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 45% of ternary compound fertilizer 100 kg per 667 m2. Irrigation with drip irrigation under the membrane, planting the planted water after planting, no watering during the slow seedling period, promoting the growth of the root system, and properly controlling the water before the seedling is suspended to promote the long-term growth of the melon seedling. After flowering and fruiting, it will be fertilized with water. After entering the peak period, it will be watered according to the weather conditions and soil moisture. Generally, it will be fertilized once every 7 to 10 days, and 10 kg of urea or 30 kg of compound fertilizer per 667 m2. . 4.4 Plant adjustment The vines are 30 cm long and are hanged. The stalks are tied with a hemp rope. One end is tied with a wooden strip about 10 cm long. The wooden strip is inserted into the soil near the base and fixed around the vine. The other end is attached to the wire on the planting line. A live buckle for falling. As the stems grow and the melons are continuously harvested, it is necessary to drop the vines and the vines several times, and the height of the vines should not exceed the iron wire. Remove the old leaves of the aging branches in time, reduce the mutual shade, and ensure that the plants receive light evenly. After the first melon is seated, the topping is carried out, and one side branch is grown to grow the melon, and then the top vine is continuously topped, and the side vine is promoted. 4.5 Preserved fruit Combine snoring and topping, remove excess tendrils, male flowers, thin flowers and fruit, and ensure the nutritional supply of the results. The facilities are densely planted with loofah, using artificial pollination and 2,4-D painting to reduce the flowering and increase the fruit setting rate. 4.6 Harvest at the right time The growth of loofah is fast, and the tender melon is generally harvested 10 to 12 days after pollination, and harvested once a day during the fruiting period. Premature harvesting, production decline, affecting efficiency; harvesting too late, loofah will be fibrosis, loss of commerciality, consumption of nutrients, affecting subsequent harvesting. 5, pest control technology The facility has a combination of agricultural, physical, biological and chemical control technologies. Loofah downy mildew is treated with 25% Kairun (pyrazolone) emulsifiable concentrate 800～1 500 times; loofah disease sprayed with 50% Anke (enoylmorpholine) wettable powder 1 000～1 500 times liquid or 75 % chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times liquid control; loofah anthracnose with 60% Baitai (oxazolyl · Daisenlian) dispersible granule 800 times liquid or 50% methyl thiophanate (methyl thiophanate) Wet powder 500 ~ 700 times liquid control; loofah brown spot disease spray 40% metalaxyl WP 600 ~ 700 times liquid control 2 ~ 3 times. The loofah cultivation technology was applied to the loofah planting in 2015 and 2016. The average yield of the facility loofah reached 265 m2, which not only effectively increased the yield and quality of loofah, but also greatly improved the economic income of farmers and promoted the industry of loofah. Steady development. Anesthesia Medical Co., Ltd. , https://www.honestymed.com
