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Symptoms: The disease manifests itself in different stages of mushroom development. When the mushrooms begin to kink and form young buds (undifferentiated fruit bodies), they are susceptible to infestation, resulting in the formation of hard tissue-shaped irregular tissue blocks. Overlying a layer of white fluffy hyphae, later darkened, eventually becoming dark brown, oozing dark brown droplets from the diseased tissue. The small mushroom buds under the soil cover can also be infected, and some small spots of white mycelium appear on the surface of the cover soil. After the stipe and cap were differentiated, the stipe became brown. At the end of fruit body development, the base of the stipe was infected to produce a light brown discoloration. When the onset was severe, the first tidal mushroom particles failed to be harvested.
Control methods:
1. Re-fermentation: Fusarium spores are not resistant to high temperatures. The fermentation of the culture medium for 2 times can kill the spores of the pathogen in the culture material and prevent the occurrence of diseases.
2. Grasp the appropriate sowing time, make the mushrooming period avoid the induction of high temperature and cause disease, mushroom house temperature control below 15 °C. At the beginning of the onset, the water spray should be stopped immediately, and the ventilation should be increased to dry the surface of the mushroom bed, and the temperature should be reduced to 15°C or lower.
3. Chemical control: Spray 1%-2% formaldehyde solution or spray 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution in the affected area.
4. Cover soil disinfection. Treat with pasteurization (60°C) for 1 hour or disinfect with 40% formaldehyde.
5. Change the soil. When the disease is serious, remove the original cover soil and replace the new soil.
6. Insect protection. Do a good job mushroom house mosquitoes, mushroom fly prevention and control work.
Second, the mushroom virus disease: The disease occurs in general, serious damage. The degree of victimization is related to the period of infection. The use of virus-bearing strains generally occurs early in the development of the mushroom and has a great impact on yield, even if it does not occur. In the mushroom mycelium growth period, the first wave mushroom grows normally and the yield is not affected by the germination of the host with spores bearing the virus on the mushroom bed. The following several tidal mushrooms increase as the mushrooms grow batchwise. Production declined batch by batch.
Symptoms: The most obvious symptom of the fruiting body is the elongation of the stipe, the tiny cap, and some even the diameter of the cap does not exceed the stipe. Some of the caps were thin and flat, with an open umbrella. Brown spots, or streaky spots, often appear on the diseased mushroom stipe. The handle can be squeezed out of water.
Control methods: 1, cultivation, use of virus-free strains. 2, covered mushroom bed. After sowing, cover the surface with mulch or old newspapers to prevent the poisonous spores from landing in the culture medium, and spray them with 0.5% formaldehyde solution regularly (5 to 6 days) until the soil is covered. 3, do a good job mushroom house clean. Mushrooms should be thoroughly disinfected before use. After the production is completed, the waste shall be removed in time, the bed frames and utensils shall be soaked, washed and dried, and then brushed with a mixture of 1% sodium carbonate plus 2% sodium pentachlorophenolate, and then sprayed with 5% formaldehyde solution on the walls and ground of the mushroom house. Mushroom, or fumigated with sulfur.
Third, Pleurotus ostreatus mosquitoes: Diptera eyelid mosquitoes. It is the most common and most serious pest of Pleurotus ostreatus. The mycelia and fruiting bodies that larvae harm Pleurotus ostreatus. In severe cases, the mycelium can be eaten. When damaging fruiting bodies, the stipe is hollowed out and the bacteria pleats are eaten.
Control methods: 1. Do a good job of environmental sanitation and reduce the source of insects. Install screen doors, screens, and insect protection. 2. Use adult phototaxis, light trapping. 3. Severely, after harvesting mushrooms, use 1.8% Ephedrine cream 2000--2500 times, or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times spray.
Fourth, harmful pests: commonly known as bacillary dysentery. The main damage mushrooms, straw mushroom, mushroom, Pleurotus, white fungus, black fungus and other edible fungi. The biting mycelium can not germinate, but it can also bite small buds and mature fruiting bodies. In severe cases, all the hyphae in the culture material can be exposed to light and cause no harvest.
Control methods: 1. The quality of good bacteria. Ensure that strains are not harmful. 2. Maintain a certain distance between the mushroom house and the grain, feed and fertilizer warehouses. 3. Culture the material for 2 fermentations. 4. Mix with enemy killed lime powder and put it in the yarn bag, shake it around the mushroom bed, or spray the mushroom bed with 1.8% Epcotin EC 2000 times solution. 5. Temptation. Put 40%-50% of dichlorvos on the bottom of the mushroom bed, place 3 groups every 70-80 cm, and arrange them in a product shape, and cover 1 piece of plastic film or wet gauze on the mushroom bed culture material. . When the locusts are full, they are removed and placed in hot water to die.
Common Mushroom Pest Control
First, mushrooms brown rot: also known as mushroom Fusarium mildew, blisters, white rot and so on. It is the most serious disease in mushroom cultivation. In addition to harming mushrooms, it can also damage Pleurotus ostreatus, straw mushroom, white fungus, Ganoderma lucidum and so on.