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( 1 ) It does not require a pre-test training phase, and it can complete a relatively large number of animals in a short time.
( 2 ) Morris water maze is a particularly useful tool for judging spatial learning and memory in older mice due to its reliable sensitivity to age-related spatial memory impairment . Through the training of detection and transfer position experiments, the learning and recall process can be recorded and analyzed, and can also be compared between groups.
( 3 ) Although immersed in water is aversive to rodents, the animal is driven by water stimulation without the need for food deprivation and electric shock, thus avoiding the metabolism and shock shock caused by depriving food to experimental animals. The problem, which may be dangerous for certain strains of animals.
( 4 ) Interference such as odor or traces can be removed.
( 5 ) Separating the learning and memory disorders of experimental animals from sensory and motor deficits, and reducing their interference with the detection of learning and memory processes. The platform experiment can be used to identify animal visual defects that may affect the experimental results, and to correct the results obtained in the standard Morris water maze experiment.
( 6 ) By changing the position of the platform, the learning and re-learning experiments can be completed. Correspondingly, the effects of different doses can also be measured in the same group of animals.
( 7 ) It can detect both spatial reference memory and spatial working memory. After testing the spatial reference memory of mice with a fixed platform and then changing the position of the platform to not fixed, they can test their working memory ability.
( 8 ) By using curtains, dividing areas, etc., it is possible to reduce the interference of the experimenter and objects outside the experiment on the recording of the video tracking system.
( 9 ) It can provide more experimental parameters, systematically examine the process of spatial cognition processing of experimental animals, and objectively reflect its cognitive level. Obviously, the cognitive process of finding unfixed platforms is more complicated and requires animal versus time. Integrate and judge with separate information in space.
( 10 ) Easy operation and small data error.
Morris water maze experiment guidelines (5)
-----Explanation of the scope of application
Compared with other methods, the Morris water maze has many advantages in determining the cognitive function of rodents:
1. The Morris water maze test is very effective in the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) and Parkinson's disease ( PD ) and vascular dementia ( VD ): the biggest feature of these diseases is recognition. Know the decline of function. The classic Morris water maze detects that the rat learns to search for a fixed position of the hidden platform in multiple trainings to form a stable spatial positional cognition. This spatial cognition is formed by processing spatial information (external clues). The position of the platform has little to do with the position and state of the rat itself. It is a reference cognition with different references as the reference point. The memory formed is a spatial reference memory. From the perspective of processing and extraction of information, this spatial reference memory enters the consciousness system, and its storage mechanism mainly involves the limbic system (such as the hippocampus) and the brain regions related to the cerebral cortex, often accompanied by Hebb synaptic modification, which should be declarative. memory. In patients with clinical forgetfulness and dementia, it is the declarative memory that is firstly damaged and more prominent. Therefore, the preferred range of Morris water maze experiments is the memory deficit of cognitive decline in hippocampal injury.
2. Screening experiments for neurotoxicity or therapeutic drugs: In neuropharmacology and neurotoxicology experiments, some drugs have toxic or therapeutic effects on brain regions such as neurons or hippocampus, which can be detected by Morris water maze test. The impact on learning and memory skills. For example, some anticholinergics (such as some new sedatives) not only inhibit the performance of animals in the Morris water maze test, but also weaken memory in humans; some cholinergic drugs (especially new ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese medicine) Not only can the animals swim in the Morris water maze experiment, but also improve their cognitive ability.
3, the brain cortex function decline or accidental injury caused by work and study memory damage experiments: Morris water maze experiment can be used for hidden platform experiments and exploration experiments, but also for the study of working memory. For example, the simplest procedure is to train each rat twice a day. The first time training, the platform in any quadrant of the pool, and hide under the water, swim through the rat found the platform, and stay 30 ~ 60 s. In the second training , the platform was hidden in the same position as the first training , and the rats were also required to find the platform by swimming. If the first trained rats obtained from experience (working memory), then the second training results will improve. Comparing the results of the two experiments , you can evaluate the quality of working memory. While on the same day of the test, the position of the platform is the same, but different days of the test, the position of the platform is random, to ensure that every day is a new platform location, location one day before the platform is different. Forgetfulness caused by brain atrophy in daily life, as well as accidents such as car accidents, damage to the work-learning memory caused by the cortex.
4. Determine whether the drug or other experimental treatment causes changes in vision of the animal: The Morris water maze test can also detect whether the drug has an effect on the animal's vision through a visible platform test. These visual changes may confuse the animal based on the distal visible information location. Get an analysis of the data. It is important to note that certain behaviors may indicate impaired vision, such as lack of search behavior or continued swimming around the pool may be considered visual impairment because the animal does not have a platform for a period of time. Therefore the animal must try to cross the pool and cannot accurately locate the platform.