This period refers to the end of the lactation peak period after 15 days after the cows have given birth. Generally refers to the postpartum period of 16 days to 100 days.

The feeding and management of the lactation period is of utmost importance as it relates to milk production and bovine health throughout the lactation period. Its purpose is to guide the rise of milk production from raising, not only milk quantity rises fast, but also the peak period of lactation is long and stable, so as to maximize the potential of lactation.

After the birth of cows, with the recovery of constitution, the amount of milk production increases day by day. In order to exert its maximum lactation potential, it is generally possible to start about 15 days after birth and adopt “prepaid” feeding methods. Feed "prepay" means that according to the amount of milk produced, the amount of 1 kg to 2 kg of fine material is added in addition to the feed standard, so as to meet the need for further increase in milk production. After the “prepaid” feed is fed during the lactation period, the cow’s milk production also increases. If the milk production within 10 days increases, it must continue to "prepay" until the milk production no longer increases before it stops "prepayment." At present, on the basis of “prepayment” in the past, there has been new research progress, namely, development into a “guided breeding law”. The "guided rearing method" should start from the early perinatal period, that is, 2 weeks before the delivery, until the highest peak of lactation after calving, feed high-energy diets to reduce the incidence of ketoemia and help maintain body weight. And increase milk production. The principle is to feed as much fine material as possible and feed less raw material under scientific feeding conditions. That is, starting from the first 2 weeks before the calving, about 1.8 kg of the concentrate is fed a day, and then 0.45 kg is added every day until the cow eats 1.0 kg to 1.5 kg of concentrate per 100 kg of body weight. After the calving of the cow, the concentrate is still increased by 0.45 kg per day until the peak of lactation is reached. After the peak period of lactation is over, the amount of concentrate feed is adjusted according to milk production, milk fat percentage, and body weight. During the entire “piloting period”, it is necessary to ensure the provision of quality forages, allow them to freely feed, and give sufficient drinking water to reduce the digestive system diseases of cows. With the "guided rearing method", most cows will experience new milk production peaks, and the trend of increasing production will last throughout the lactation period, thus increasing the milk yield during the whole lactation period. However, it is not suitable for people with subclinical mastitis or after treatment.

The period of lactation is the most difficult stage to raise, because the lactation is at the peak, and the feed intake of the cow does not reach the peak, which causes the nutrient to make ends meet, and it is in a negative balance state, which easily leads to a sudden decrease in the weight of the cow. According to reports, body fat consumed at this time can provide more than 1,000 kilograms of milk. If too much fat is used in the body for lactation, in the case of insufficient sugar and impaired glucose metabolism, incomplete oxidation of fat results in an outbreak of ketosis. Show loss of appetite, milk production plummeted, if not treated in time, great damage to the body of cattle. Therefore, high energy feeds such as Corn, molasses, etc. must be fed during the prolific lactation period, and the cows should maintain a good appetite, eat as much dry matter as possible, and feed more concentrates, but they are not fed indefinitely. It is generally believed that the feed amount of fine material is not more than 15 kilograms, and when the fine material accounts for 65% of the total dry matter, it may cause rumen acidosis, digestive disorders, fourth gastric transposition, ovarian incompetence, and heat loss. At this point, NaHCO 3 100g to 150g, MgO 250g should be added to the diet. Stir in the concentrate feed, which can buffer the pH of the rumen. In order to make up for the lack of energy and to avoid excessive use of fine material, the method of adding animal and vegetable oils can be used. For example, 3% to 5% of protective fat may be added to pass through the rumen to the small intestine for digestion and absorption, so as to prevent the lack of energy in the diet, and excessive use of body fat may cause blood accumulation of ketone bodies to cause acidosis.

In order to enable the cows in the high lactation period to be able to supply milk, in addition to meeting their high energy needs, the provision of protein is also very important. If the protein is insufficient, the balance of the whole diet and the utilization of roughage will be affected. Affect milk production. However, it is not the case that the higher the dietary protein content, the better. In individual dairy farms in soybean producing areas, the proportion of Bean cake in the mixed concentrate is as high as 50% to 60%, resulting in an outbreak of ketosis in the herds. It is a waste of protein, but also affect the health of cattle. Practice has proved that the protein can be given according to the standard of feeding and cannot be arbitrarily increased. Studies have shown that high-yielding cattle are best fed with high-energy, protein-friendly diets. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that feeding through the rumen protein is particularly effective in increasing yield. According to the study, the amount of rumen protein in the diet needs to account for 48% of total dietary protein. It is known that the fodder protein content in feedstuffs is higher: blood meal, feather meal, fish meal, corn, gluten meal, brewer's grains, distillers' grains, etc. These feeds should be properly fed, and adding methionine has a significant effect on increasing yield.

The needs of calcium and phosphorus and other minerals during the procreative period of lactation must be met. The calcium content in the diet should be increased to 0.6% to 0.8% of the total dry matter, and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus should be 1.5 to 2:1. should.

The best quality roughage should be provided in the diet. The amount of dry feed should be at least 1% of the body weight of the cow in order to maintain the normal digestive function of the rumen. Winter can also be fed with juicy feeds, such as carrots, beets, etc., and 15 kg can be fed daily. Daily intake of vitamin A 500000 IU, vitamin D 36000 IU, vitamin E 1000 IU or beta-carotene 300 mg per day helps the recovery of ovarian function after high-birth cow delivery, significantly improves the conception rate of the cow and shortens the parity interval.

In feeding, attention should be paid to alternating feeds of concentrates and coarse materials in order to maintain a high appetite for high-yield cattle and to eat the feed quota. Under the high-concentrate feeding, the number of feedings of the concentrates should be appropriately increased, that is, by using a small number of methods, the activity environment of the rumen microflora can be improved, and the incidence of digestive disorders, ketoemia, and postpartum paralysis can be reduced. From the physiological considerations of cattle, the feeding of cereals should not be crushed too fine, because when the cattle eat into a fine powdery grain, it is rapidly decomposed by the microorganisms to produce acid in the rumen, and the pH in the rumen is reduced to below 6. At this time, the digestion of cellulolytic bacteria is inhibited. Therefore, it is advisable that the grain should be processed into crushed or compressed pieces.

According to relevant regulations, dry matter in the lactation-producing diet accounts for 3.5% of body weight, NND2.4, CP16%-18%, Ca0.7%, and P0.45% per kilogram of dry matter, and crude fiber not less than 15%. , rough ratio 60:40.

It is especially important for the nursing of breasts and milking work during the procreative period of lactation. Such as milking, improper care, this time prone to mastitis. To properly increase the number of milking, strengthen the breast hot massage, each milking should try not to leave residual milk, milking operations to deal with the nipple disinfection, available 3% sodium hypochlorite dip a soaked nipple to reduce breast infection. For high-yield cows with a daily output of more than 40 kilograms, such as manual milking, double milking can be used to increase the milk production. The cattle bed should be covered with clean soft grass to facilitate the cow's rest and protect the breasts.

To strengthen the management of drinking water, in order to promote more water for cows, the temperature of winter drinking water should not be lower than 16 °C; drink cool water or ice water in the summer to facilitate cooling, keep appetite and stabilize milk.

To strengthen the observation of the effects of feeding, mainly from the body condition, milk yield and reproductive performance of the three major aspects of inspection. If problems are found, diets should be adjusted in time.

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