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Spring onion efficient cultivation techniques in Japan
In recent years, Zhangjiagang has introduced Japanese hardy varieties, which are resistant to cold nights, and planted seedlings in April and began harvesting at the end of November. Because the local minimum temperature in the winter is around -10°C, welsh onion can be exposed in the open winter, listed according to market conditions, has been harvested and received by the end of April of the following year, staggered the northern common onion listing season, usually mu yield 2800 ~ 4000 kg, average mu The output value is 7,500 yuan. After nearly two years of development, an efficient Japanese green onion cultivation base of about 5,500 acres has been formed. Through continuous exploration, a set of spring planting techniques for efficient cultivation of Japanese green onions has been summarized and is presented below. Variety selection use Yuan Zang, Chang Yue, Akihiko and other varieties. Japanese green onions are 30 to 40 cm long and stems are 2.2 to 3 cm in diameter. The leaf sheaths are tightly packed and are not easy to lodging. They are resistant to heat and cold, and some do not twitch until the end of April. 15 to 20 days before seedling sowing, combined with soil preparation and seedbed per acre, 1500 kg of organic fertilizer, 40-60 kg of superphosphate, and 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer. Soil treatment was performed by spraying the phoxim solution on the bed 3 to 4 days before sowing. Sowing in April, the amount of 100 grams per acre should be appropriately broadcast. Before sowing, sufficient water shall be poured, and after the water is fully infiltrated, the seeds shall be sowed with appropriate amount of dry fine soil or fine sand. After sowing, the cover soil shall be 1 cm thick, covered with a plastic film and a shade net, and shall be withdrawn after emergence. Seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves combined with water applied per acre urea 1 to 2 kg. Seedling height 25 to 35 cm, pseudo-stem diameter 7 mm, there are 3 to 4 true leaves stop watering, appropriate hardening seedlings, ready for planting. Colonization in June will be planted, at the latest by the end of July. 15 to 20 days before planting, 2000 kg of organic fertilizer was used per mu, and 10 kg of superphosphate and 3 kg of potassium sulfate were used. In order to ensure that the light blue and slender, should be wide-close planting, according to row spacing 1.2 meters, ditch depth 50 cm open planting ditch, planting 25,000 to 30,000 per acre. During the ditching process, the soil is piled on one side and the onion shoots are placed in order. They lean against the soil and then cover the soil. This method of colonizing onion shoots is not easy to bend. Take 2 days before seedling watering. When taking seedlings, do not pull it out by hand. Excavate one side of the soil and shovel it out. Field Management (1) Water Management. After onion colonization, it is in the high-temperature season. Plants grow slowly, require less water, and generally do not water, prompting the rapid renewal of the root system. Drain the water immediately after the rain to prevent rot. When the average temperature dropped to below 25°C in the middle and late August, the green onions entered a vigorous growth period. At this time, the plants required large amounts of water and should be combined with fertilization and cultivating soil once every 5 to 10 days to keep the soil moist. After the “frostâ€, the green onions enter the late growth stage, the plants grow slowly, and the water requirement gradually decreases, but the soil moisture is still maintained to ensure that the light blue rice grows. The meat of the leaves is hypertrophied, and usually the water is poured two times. Stop watering 7 to 10 days before harvesting. If stored in the open for the winter, during the soil can not be too wet, should not be poured large water, the temperature dropped below 0 °C soil should not be harvested, otherwise easy to wet rot. After the temperature rises, it is properly watered and harvested. (2) Fertilizer management. Welsh onions like nitrogen and potassium, the growth of the early stage of nitrogen fertilizer, urea 20 kg per mu; growth combined with soil fertility applied 3 to 5 times fertilizer, fertilizer applied at a time three yuan per compound of 10 kg. (3) Timely mechanical earthing. Soil can soften light blue and improve quality. Green onions need to cultivate 4 to 6 times in the whole growth stage, artificial cultivation of soil, and easy to cause mechanical damage. The opening machine in the local introduction of greenhouse machinery is suitably adapted for cultivating onions, saves labor, and has the same depth of soil at each time. Prevention and control pests Welsh onion main pests are leaf miners, Spodoptera litura, etc., to early prevention and early treatment. Sudden sunshine after rainstorm in summer, green onion prone to downy mildew, can be sprayed in the early stages of antiviral pesticide 64% Mn Zn wettable powder, 25% metalaxyl WP, EKL 72% urea Mn Zn wettable powder Drug control, once every 10 days, continuous control 2 to 3 times. There are wax powder on the onion leaf surface and it is not easy to get the medicine. To increase the adhesiveness of the liquid, an appropriate amount of neutral detergent should be added when spraying. The drug was stopped 7 to 15 days before harvest.